基于竞争失效建模的导弹贮存寿命评估方法

为了提高导弹贮存寿命估计的准确性,提出了一种基于退化失效与突发失效竞争的导弹贮存寿命估计方法。基于建模假设,建立导弹竞争失效模型;采用赤池信息准则(AIC)来确定导弹退化过程的最优随机过程模型,进而建立其退化失效模型;采用威布尔分布和比例危险模型,建立基于退化量影响的突发失效模型;采用极大似然估计算法,求解模型未知参数。结合实例分析,验证了所建模型的正确性和优势。     

基于竞争失效的产品可靠性评估

为深入研究产品部件的可靠性,构建了竞争失效模型。基于退化失效和冲击失效的关联性建立竞争失效模型,在此基础上推导出产品的可靠度分析模型;引入Gamma过程对自然退化失效过程建模,通过退化增量描述随机冲击对自然退化的影响;引入Poisson过程对随机冲击失效过程建模,通过失效阈值的递减描述自然退化对随机冲击的影响;以具有退化失效和冲击失效特点的防滑刹车控制盒为对象,进行了可靠性对比分析,验证了竞争失效模型的合理性和有效性,为产品部件的可靠性评估提供了一种新的思路。     

考虑退化-冲击竞争失效的系统可靠性建模

针对在复杂环境中工作的关键系统,提出一种考虑退化-冲击关联竞争失效的可靠性建模方法。选取Wiener过程和齐次泊松过程分别描述自然退化与随机冲击,通过冲击造成的退化增量表示退化-冲击之间的关联性,基于此建立退化-冲击关联竞争失效的退化模型和可靠性模型;通过定期检测获取系统退化数据,采用极大似然法估计退化模型参数;以陀螺仪为例,通过对比分析和敏感性分析验证了模型的有效性和应用价值。     

多退化模式下的电子装备可靠性建模

通常加速退化分析中退化失效只考虑或者假设只有一个退化通道,而实际上很多情况下会存在多退化模式.产品的各个退化通道间的关系存在随机性,即任意两个退化通道间不可能只是单一的相关或者独立.在考虑这种相关性的条件下,深入研究了电子产品的性能退化理论和机理,提出了两个多退化模式竞争失效的数学模型,分别阐述了退化通道相关与独立的两种不同情况下产品可靠度评估方法.     

基于随机冲击的相关竞争失效可靠性评估

针对电子产品在工程实践中受随机冲击应力的影响及多失效模式的问题,以累积冲击和极限冲击来描述产品的冲击过程,考虑失效模式相关性并建立了随机冲击下产品竞争失效模型。以具有自然耗损和突发耗损特点金属化膜脉冲电容器为对象,进行了可靠性对比分析,验证了模型的合理性和有效性,为遭受复合应力影响的电子产品的可靠性评估提供了一种新方法。     

基于非线性Wiener过程的步进加速退化建模方法

针对步进加速退化试验中的非线性退化数据,考虑到产品之间的随机效应,给出了非线性Wiener过程的表达式,推导出了考虑随机效应的产品失效概率密度函数表达式;建立了步进加速退化模型,给出了各加速应力下性能退化量的关系模型;采用两步极大似然估计法,求解出退化模型中未知参数;结合某激光器的实例分析表明所建模型的拟合性较好,参数估计精度更高。     

考虑多性能参数的引信弹簧可靠性评估

弹簧作为引信中常用的储能源,是影响引信可靠性的重要零件,而引信失效会形成重大安全隐患。为了准确预估某引信弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化,提出了一种基于修正Arrhenius模型的多元正态可靠性评估方法。以应力损失率和永久变形率作为性能参数,设计了恒定应力加速退化试验,获取弹簧在120℃、130℃、150℃和160℃下的退化数据,并采用Anderson-Darling统计量验证退化量的最优分布为正态分布。根据修正的Arrhenius方程,得到弹簧在贮存温度下的退化轨迹曲线。基于多元正态分布建立弹簧贮存可靠度模型,分析弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化特点。通过与其他可靠度模型对比,该模型预估结果更准确,可为引信的视情维修提供依据。     

基于似然比检验的橡胶密封件加速试验机理一致性判别方法

加速退化试验广泛应用于橡胶密封件等长寿命产品的可靠性评估，试验过程中需要将高应力水平下的试验结果外推到正常应力水平。要获得准确的产品可靠性评估结果，需要保证加速应力下的退化失效机理与正常应力下的退化失效机理一致。基于似然比检验原理，提出加速退化试验机理一致性判别方法及流程。针对失效机理一致与失效机理变化两种场合，提出对数线性及非对数线性两类加速模型，并结合混合效应模型描述产品退化过程。利用似然比检验判断加速模型参数是否变化，完成失效机理一致性判别。仿真算例和应用实例表明，该方法能够有效判别橡胶密封件失效机理是否变化，并找到失效机理不变的应力水平边界。     

机载燃油泵性能退化试验研究

为了获取刻画燃油泵退化规律的退化数据,提出机载燃油泵性能退化试验研究。基于失效机理分析制定燃油泵性能退化试验方案。搭建燃油泵在电应力载荷下的性能退化试验平台,可模拟飞机燃油泵注油循环过程,施加电应力载荷,采集出口压力信号。建立Holt指数平滑退化模型用于剩余寿命预测。结果表明该退化模型表征了燃油泵的退化规律,验证了该试验方案和平台的有效性和可行性。     

多指标约束下某变质量热力系统的性能可靠性分析

针对某变质量热力系统的性能可靠性受多指标综合影响的问题,使用了一种基于 Monte Carlo 仿真的系统性能可靠性分析方法对该系统进行了可靠性分析。首先,选取系统的性能失效特征量作为载荷末速度和最大加速度,并确定了其失效标准;然后,阐述了系统中部件———调节阀开度的退化规律。在此基础上,对系统的性能可靠性进行了仿真分析,得到了系统性能失效特征量的故障概率密度及性能可靠度。仿真结果表明：随着部件性能参数的退化,系统性能可靠性逐渐降低。     

考虑非线性退化与随机失效阈值的剩余寿命预测

针对广泛存在的非线性退化设备,现有方法尚未考虑随机失效阈值对剩余寿命预测结果的影响。因此,通过对设备性能退化过程进行分析,提出了一种综合考虑非线性退化与随机失效阈值的剩余寿命预测方法。基于Wiener过程构建了考虑个体差异与测量误差的非线性退化模型;基于卡尔曼滤波算法建立状态空间模型以实现对退化状态的在线更新;基于极大似然法估计失效阈值分布系数估计方法,得到随机失效阈值的概率分布;基于随机失效阈值推导出剩余寿命的概率分布,实现对剩余寿命的在线预测。算例研究表明,所提方法可以有效地提升剩余寿命预测的准确性,具备一定工程应用价值。     

Some probability functions in reliability and their applications

There has been much research on the general failure model recently. In the general failure model, when the unit fails at its age t, Type I failure (minor failure) occurs with probability 1 ? p(t) and Type II failure (catastrophic failure) occurs with probability p(t). In the previous research, some specific shapes (constant, non‐decreasing, or bathtub‐shape) on the probability function p(t) are assumed. In this article, general results on some probability functions are obtained and applied to study the shapes of p(t). The results are also applied to determining the optimal inspection and allocation policies in maintenance problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Priori information analysis of optocoupler accelerated degradation experiment based on failure mechanism verification test

The optocoupler is a weak link in the inertial navigation platform of a kind of guided munitions. It is necessary to use accelerated storage test to verify the storage life of long storage products. Especially for small sample products, it is very important to obtain prior information for the design and implementation of accelerated degradation test. In this paper, the optocoupler failure mechanism verification test is designed and the experimental results are analyzed and the prior information is obtained. The results show that optocouplers have two failure modes, one is sudden failure and the other is degradation failure; the maximum temperature stress of optocoupler can't exceed 140 °C; the increase of leakage current of optocoupler is caused by movable ions contaminating the LED chip. The surface leakage current is proportional to the adsorption amount. The increase of leakage current makes p-n junction tunneling effect occur which LEDs the failure of the optocoupler. The lifetime distribution model of the optocoupler is determined by the failure physics. The lifetime of the optocoupler is subject to the lognormal distribution. The degeneracy orbit of the optocoupler leakage current is described by a power law model. The estimated values of the orbital parameters are initially calculated and the parameters of its life distribution function are deduced. The above information lays a good foundation for the optimization design and data processing of the accelerated degradation experiment.     

不确定失效阈值影响下考虑设备剩余寿命预测信息的最优替换策略

为了进一步提升设备维修决策的科学性,通过建立综合设备剩余寿命预测数据与不确定失效阈值的最优维修决策模型,实现了不可维修设备的最优替换策略。构建基于非线性Wiener过程的设备性能退化模型,并采用极大似然法估计退化模型参数;提出一种基于期望最大(Expectation Maximization, EM)算法的不确定失效阈值分布系数估计方法,通过引入虚拟失效阈值数据实现对失效阈值分布系数的同步迭代更新;基于首达时的概念推导出不确定失效阈值条件下设备剩余寿命的概率密度函数,并基于更新报酬理论建立维修决策模型,从而实现设备的最优维修决策。算例分析表明,设备的失效阈值会对维修决策结果产生重要影响,考虑设备失效阈值的不确定性既有助于提升剩余寿命预测的准确性,又可以有效降低设备的寿命周期费用。     

Determination of burn‐in parameters and residual life for highly reliable products

Today, many products are designed and manufactured to function for a long period of time before they fail. Determining product reliability is a great challenge to manufacturers of highly reliable products with only a relatively short period of time available for internal life testing. In particular, it may be difficult to determine optimal burn‐in parameters and characterize the residual life distribution. A promising alternative is to use data on a quality characteristic (QC) whose degradation over time can be related to product failure. Typically, product failure corresponds to the first passage time of the degradation path beyond a critical value. If degradation paths can be modeled properly, one can predict failure time and determine the life distribution without actually observing failures. In this paper, we first use a Wiener process to describe the continuous degradation path of the quality characteristic of the product. A Wiener process allows nonconstant variance and nonzero correlation among data collected at different time points. We propose a decision rule for classifying a unit as normal or weak, and give an economic model for determining the optimal termination time and other parameters of a burn‐in test. Next, we propose a method for assessing the product's lifetime distribution of the passed units. The proposed methodologies are all based only on the product's initial observed degradation data. Finally, an example of an electronic product, namely contact image scanner (CIS), is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

基于GA-SVDD的轴承性能退化评估

为解决因机械设备轴承损伤导致机械故障而无法正常工作的问题,提出了一种基于GA-SVDD的轴承性能退化定量评估方法。该方法采用遗传算法优化选择特征参量,并建立SVDD超球体模型,运用SVDD距离评估轴承的性能退化程度。实验分析表明：该方法能够有效地对轴承性能退化过程的细节进行描述,实现对待测样本退化程度的定量评估。     

小子样条件下航天轴承性能可靠性建模与评估

航天油润滑轴承可靠性具有小子样、无失效数据特点,即使采用性能可靠性方法进行建模与分析,仍存在性能数据不足问题。提出小子样条件下航天轴承性能可靠性分析的多层贝叶斯模型及模型求解方法。通过失效分析,建立轴承性能退化过程模型。利用自助法、试验数据、物理模型和专家经验等确定Bayes验前分布,并采用MCMC方法解决Bayes计算问题。实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的适用性,是解决小子样条件下长寿命产品可靠性建模与评估问题的一种有效途径。     

Machine maintenance with workload considerations

Machine maintenance is modeled in the setting of a single‐server queue. Machine deterioration corresponds to slower service rates and failure. This leads to higher congestion and an increase in customer holding costs. The decision‐maker decides when to perform maintenance, which may be done pre‐emptively; before catastrophic failures. Similar to classic maintenance control models, the information available to the decision‐maker includes the state of the server. Unlike classic models, the information also includes the number of customers in queue. Considered are both a repair model and a replacement model. In the repair model, with random replacement times, fixed costs are assumed to be constant in the server state. In the replacement model, both constant and variable fixed costs are considered. It is shown in general that the optimal maintenance policies have switching curve structure that is monotone in the server state. However, the switching curve policies for the repair model are not always monotone in the number of customers in the queue. Numerical examples and two heuristics are also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Bounding the optimal burn‐in time for a system with two types of failure

Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining bounds to the optimal burn‐in time and optimal replacement policy maximizing the steady state availability of a repairable system. It is assumed that two types of system failures may occur: One is Type I failure (minor failure), which can be removed by a minimal repair, and the other is Type II failure (catastrophic failure), which can be removed only by a complete repair. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of the system has a bathtub‐shaped failure rate function, upper and lower bounds for the optimal burn‐in time are provided. Furthermore, some other applications of optimal burn‐in are also considered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004