新型S-400防空系统进入战斗值勤状态

俄罗斯最新研制的“凯旋”S-400防空导弹系统8月6日在莫斯科进入战斗值勤状态，该系统不仅有防空功能，还有导弹防御功能，将作为俄罗斯新一代飞弹拦截武器的基础。S-400的服役期为25至30年。与S-300防空导弹系统相比，S-400防空导弹系统在目标命中率和速度方面的性能提高一倍，在抗干扰能力方面提高四倍。     

“以地制空”的杀手锏——俄C-400“凯旋”防空导弹系统

S-400(俄称C-400)“凯旋”型地空导弹系统,是由俄罗斯“金刚石”中央设计局在著名的S-300系列地空导弹的基础上研制而成的,据称是俄罗斯国土防空中的第四代半防空导弹系统,取名“凯旋”(Триумф)寓意“战无不胜”,又因其最大射程达400千米,故取名S-400。该系统继承和发展了S-300(俄称C-300ПMY)系列防空导弹的优点,具有更广泛的打击目标,更高的战术性能、更强的机动能力和更快的反应速度,是当今世界上现役和在研防空导弹中最先进的一种,可以对付包括战略巡航导弹、战役战术弹道导弹及其它精确制导武器在内的多种空中威胁,被誉为预…     

装备零讯

俄巡洋舰将换装S-400防空导弹 8月12日,俄罗斯总统普京在参观了停泊在索契港的舰队后表示,黑海舰队旗舰“莫斯科”号导弹巡洋舰将更新防空导弹系统,用全新的S-400以取代过时的S-300系统。根据计划,1164型的“莫斯科”号导弹巡洋舰将在2015年底进行技术维护和现代化改装,具体由北德文斯克的“星星”船厂负责。在“莫斯科”号导弹巡洋舰维修期间,1134—6型的“克尔奇”号大型反潜舰将成为黑海舰队新旗舰。     

一代更比一代强的俄罗斯陆基远程防空导弹系统

俄罗斯在防空导弹的发展上敢于打破传统观念、创新发展,总能够推陈出新、引领发展潮流。创新思想和超前意识使得俄罗斯远程防空导弹能够在世界防空导弹领域领跑多年。第一代系统:初见功底1947年9月8日,前苏联组建了第一设计局,专门为莫斯科研制首都防空导弹系统。该系统原名“金雕”,后由于机构变化更名为S-25(SA-1)。SA 系列是美国起的代号,我国一般称为“萨姆”系列。“萨姆”是“地空导弹”英文缩写     

俄罗斯最先进的S-400防空系统将于明年首次部署

8月18日在俄罗斯国际文传电讯社主办公室举行的新闻发布会上,俄罗斯特种任务部队司令尤里·索罗夫约夫将军透露说,俄罗斯将利用其最先进的防空技术,用以守卫俄中心地区和莫斯科地区的空域。索罗夫约夫说:“就部署S-400防空系统而言,我们差不多做好了所有准备,目前正在进行国家认证测试,我相信,明年就会有一套这样的防空系统部署。”索罗夫约夫同时表示,除研制部署S-400最先进的防空系统外,俄罗斯军队还对此前已经部署的S-300PM防空系统进行了改造升级,使该系统的防空导弹能够沿着弹道飞行。据悉,S-300PM防空系统的改造升级试验是在阿舒…     

鲜为人知的俄罗斯“伯朝拉-2M”防空系统

早在苏联时期,人们听得最多、又最为熟悉的苏制防空武器系统是西方所称的“萨姆”系列导弹防空系统。近些年来,为了提高其防空反导作战能力,俄罗斯推出了一些新型防空武器系统,如S-300、S-400以及“凯旋”防空系统等,国内外媒体多有报道,人们对此也较熟悉。近年俄罗斯改进升级而成的“伯朝拉-2M”型防空导弹系统,据称能够抗击美国的“战斧”式巡航导弹,却鲜为人知,或知之不多。所幸的是,俄方大加推介,并将“伯朝拉-2M”摊上世界防务展,人们才从一些侧面领略了其“庐山真面目”。其实可以这么说,“伯朝拉-2M”就是俄罗斯版的“萨姆”。2005…     

基于引制一体化技术的引战配合可视化仿真

介绍了基于制导引信一体化技术的防空导弹引战配合数字仿真系统,以某防空导弹攻击其典型目标为例,对引信、战斗部和目标的作用过程进行动态仿真,给出了仿真结果,并提出了一种基于OpenGL的引战配合数字仿真可视化实现方法,从而更直观地显示出基于制导引信一体化技术的引战配合效果以及对目标的毁伤程度.为日后进一步提高基于制导引信一体化技术的防空导弹引战配合效率提供了参数依据,在提高防空导弹武器系统的性能上具有重要意义.     

让美国人眼红的“独裁者”——俄研发中的新型防空/反导导弹S-500

在防空/反导领域,美俄可谓双峰并峙。前者代表作是“爱国者”,有PAC-1、PAC-2和PAC-3三种型号,后者拿手绝活是S-300,有S-300PMU1、S-300PMU2和S-300V等多种型号。在防空/反导系统的性能方面,美俄可谓不相上下,但在发展速     

S-400“凯旋”——俄罗斯手中的“爱国者”

也许,人们对20世纪90年代初爆发的海湾战争中“爱国者”在空中追杀“飞毛腿”导弹的情景仍记忆犹新。随着导弹的攻防技术的飞速发展,海湾战争使用的“爱国者”PAC-2型,已不能有效地拦截来袭导弹。由于新型空地导弹采用了隐形技术,从而减小了地面防空系统发现和摧毁来袭导弹的距离。这种形势要求研制一种新型地面防空系统。这种新型地面防空导弹武器系统不仅要能对付远程高空目标,而且还要能对付低空飞行、采用隐形技术、飞行速度快的各种空袭武器(包括战术弹道导弹)。俄罗斯推出的全新S-400“凯旋”,正是这样一种新型防空导弹武器系统。它可能成为21世纪俄罗斯防空导弹的“撒手锏”。     

导弹的跨界应用 纵谈俄防空导弹“客串”对地攻击

自从2022年7月,乌克兰官方曝出俄军使用S-300防空导弹对其境内目标实施打击后,有关俄罗斯精确制导武器库存告急的猜测和导弹跨界使用的问题,引发了一些媒体人和军迷的讨论。基本可以分为两种观点：一是乌方“伪造现场”,发布“假新闻”,俄军不可能将造价昂贵、对地打击低效的防空导弹,作为地对地弹道导弹使用;另外一方观点则认为,将库存的老型号防空导弹用作弹道导弹,对乌克兰境内目标实施打击,可以消耗乌军的作战精力,让“口径”巡航导弹和“伊斯坎德尔”战役战术导弹等在更重要的场合发挥作用。本文在公开发表的文献资料基础上,结合专业知识进行分析,供感兴趣的读者参考。     

导弹引战配合设计与验证

引战配合设计是导弹总体设计的重要内容之一 ,引战配合设计涉及到导弹和武器系统的多种参数 ,在导弹方面主要是引信和战斗部的总体参数 ;在系统方面主要是交会参数 ,如导弹速度、弹目交会状态 ;就目标方面主要是目标速度和目标几何尺寸等。引信和战斗部的总体指标选定以后 ,一般不再改变 ,交会参数和目标参数对引战配合设计是客观的输入参数 ,一般由理论弹道计算给出 ,在地面条件下 (靶试前 ) ,对引战配合设计的修正和验证工作主要体现在启动区的获得验证方面     

一种沉底水雷智能检查仪

为了完善经现代化改造的沉底水雷武器系统,而研制了一种集参数预置和引信检测为一体的智能检查仪。该仪器以单片机控制,具有智能化、便携、操作简单。人机交互良好等特点。它的应用方便了水雷参数的设定和仓库快速检测。     

伪码调相连续波引信及其抗侦察性能分析

分析了伪随机码信号的特征,介绍了伪码调相连续波引信的工作原理,在此基础上,分析了此体制下引信的抗侦察性能。根据Neyman-Pearson准则,推导出伪码调相引信的信号发现概率。最后利用窗口函数原理,建立了引信的参数截获概率模型,推导出它们的参数截获概率,从而证明了此体制下引信抗侦察性能的优越性。     

GPS弹道修正引信机电安全系统与起爆控制技术研究

通过对GPS和DSP技术以及国内外引信安全系统发展状况的分析,提出了在GPS弹道修正引信中应用GPS定位功能和DSP快速信号处理、高精度定时功能等较成熟的机械电子技术来实现GPS弹道修正引信机电安全系统和引信起爆的控制。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.