现代战争的“效率之神”——C~3I系统

上期军用高新技术战场擂台,是在空、地之间的军用雷达与反军用雷达进行的。本期擂台赛再次在空、地间展开。这是一场看不见枪林弹雨而胜过枪林弹雨的激战,请看:     

军用雷达“三化”回顾与展望

本文回顾国内军用雷达三化发展历程，总结前期三化工作的主要成绩和问题，分析军用雷达三化发展趋势，对下阶段三化工作提出建议.     

暗渡陈仓的隐形兵器

军用高新技术战场擂台 上期军用高新技术战场擂台,是从空地间雷达及反雷达展开的,本期擂台赛还将在广阔的空地间开展一场特殊的战斗。     

基于PCI总线的搜索雷达视频模拟器设计技术

针对目前在军用信息技术领域对搜索雷达视频模拟器大目标批数和高实时性的需求,运用PCI总线和FPGA技术设计搜索雷达视频模拟器系统。在设计方面提出了4个硬件设计要点和1个软件设计结构框图,形成了一个完整的搜索雷达视频模拟器系统解决方案。该方案有效地提高了搜索雷达视频模拟器系统的性能,在军用信息技术领域有较广阔的应用。     

当代主战兵器——雷达

军用雷达是利用电磁波探测目标的军用电子装备。雷达发射的电磁波照射目标并接收其回波,由此来发现目标并测定位置,运动方向和速度及其它特性。美国在1936年1月研制出可探测40公里外飞机的脉冲雷达;德国在1935年9月制造出可探测19公里外海岸和8公里外舰船的船用雷达;     

舰载强辐射对民用GPS易损性分析

将民用/商用电子系统用于军品制造可在提高性能的同时大幅度降低军用系统的成本，而且采用民用标准的系统也便于未来的维护与升级，因此民品军用渐渐成为一种世界性的趋势。例如，在军事领域，民用GPS设备就得到了广泛应用，并已嵌入关键的军用设备或系统。但需要注意的是，按照民用标准制造的产品并不能完全适应特殊的军用环境。美国海军进行的一项研究表明，舰艇雷达的微波辐射会造成民用标准GPS部件的损毁。这提醒我们，在研制军用电子产品时，不能简单地采用民用标准，而必须考虑系统军事应用的具体环境，这样才能保证装备在未来复杂的战场环境下具有较高的可靠性。     

炮瞄雷达试验数据处理中有关问题的探讨

结合炮瞄雷达国家军用标准和靶场炮瞄雷达试验,对炮瞄雷达精度试验数据处理中的误差分组统计方法、样本大小选取和异常数据点处理等问题进行了探讨,并且提出了相应的处理方法     

共和国的千里眼、顺风耳——部分国产警戒雷达简介

雷达是一种利用电磁波探测目标并测定其位置、速度和其他特征的电子设备。早在19世纪末,科学家就已经发现电磁波被物体反射的现象。20世纪30年代初,欧美一些国家开始研制探测飞机的脉冲雷达。1935年9月,英国研制出第一部雷达。在第二次世界大战期间,雷达得到迅速发展,并屡建奇功。战后,随着科学技术的进步,雷达的性能不断提高,应用的领域不断扩大。雷达按技术体制可分为脉冲雷达、连续波雷达、圆锥扫描雷达、单脉冲雷达、动目标显示雷达、脉冲多普勒雷达、脉冲压缩雷达、频率捷变雷达、三坐标雷达、相控阵雷达、合成孔径雷达、超视距雷达和多基地雷达等。按作战任务的不同,可分为警戒与引导雷达、武器控制雷达、侦察雷达、航行保障雷达、气象观测雷达等。雷达还可按运载方式、工作波段和接受目标信号能源的性质来分类。军用雷达的涉及面很广,技术发展很快。本专题仅介绍3个侧面:我国自行研制的警戒雷达、使飞行器能够具备高分辨力的合成孔径雷达以及蓬勃发展的军用相控阵雷达。     

超宽带随机信号雷达的应用研究

超宽带(UWB)雷达和随机信号雷达是近年来发展的2种新体制雷达.超宽带雷达具有高距离分辨率,目标识别和检测能力强的特点.噪声雷达具有低截获,抗干扰能力和电磁兼容性好的特点.通过结合UWB雷达技术和随机信号雷达技术,提高了雷达系统设计的综合能力.UWB随机信号雷达在未来的民用和军用领域具有巨大的潜力.     

军用毫米波雷达及其应用

自80年代以来,军用毫米波技术受到世界各国军方的极大重视,并且得到迅速发展。进入90年代以后,由于微波波段和光波波段的对抗不断激化.更促进了毫米波技术的发展,毫米波有可能成为21世纪战场重要的电磁频谱。雷达是毫米波技术应用的一个重要领域。军用雷达界关注毫米波技术发展的一个重要原因是目前大部分电子战接收机系统和电子支援措施(ESM)几乎都不能探测到毫米波威胁;现有的防厘米波、分米波雷达探测的隐身技术的发展也迫切要求扩展雷达的工作频段,以满足探测隐身武器的需要。毫米波雷达比普通     

Selection of the optimal setup policy

A model is developed taking into consideration all the costs (namely cost of sampling, cost of not detecting a change in the process, cost of a false indication of change, and the cost of readjusting detected changes) incurred when a production process, using an unscheduled setup policy, utilizes fraction-defective control charts to control current production. The model is based on the concept of the expected time between detection of changes calling for setups. It is shown that the combination of unscheduled setups and control charts can be utilized in an optimal way if those combinations of sample size, sampling interval, and extent of control limits from process average are used that provide the minimum expected total cost per unit of time. The costs of a production process that uses unscheduled setups in conjunction with the appropriate optimal control charts are compared to the costs of a production process that uses scheduled setups at optimum intervals in conjunction with its appropriate control charts. This comparison indicates the criteria for selecting production processes with scheduled setups using optimal setup intervals over unscheduled setups. Suggestions are made to evaluate the optimal process setup strategy and the accompanying optimal decision parameters, for any specific cost data, by use of computer enumeration. A numerical example for assumed cost and process data is provided.     

Optimal Guaranteed Cost Control Algorithm for Automatic Chain Shell Magazine

The automatic chain shell magazine is the primary subassembly of the automatic ammunition loading system of a big-caliber howitzer. Due to the change of the shell amount in the magazine during firing, its positioning control is a kind of control problem of systems with uncertain parameters. In order to realize accurate control of shell position, an optimal guaranteed cost control algorithm based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory was put forward. The motion equations of the magazine were built, and the motion equations for four special load situations were linearized; according to the basic theory of the guaranteed cost control, the motion equations were written as the standard forms for linear uncertain systems; the optimal guaranteed cost control law for the position control of the magazine was obtained by use of LMI toolbox in MATLAB package. Using this control law, the controlled dynamic simulation of the shell magazine was carried out. The simulation results indicate that the control algorithm has high control precision.     

效能指数的机载火控雷达研制费用估算模型

为提高机载电子设备研制、生产费用估算的精度,提高估算模型的应用范围和时间跨度,构建了基于效能指数的机载火控雷达研制费用估算模型。在分析机载电子设备研制费用建模特点的基础上,以军用飞机的机载火控雷达设备为研究对象,探讨了其效能指数的构建方法,建立了基于效能指数的研制费用参数模型,并进行实例分析。结果表明,由于效能指数考虑了众多费用驱动因素,该模型形式简明直观,相对误差较小,为研究机载电子设备的费用估算进行了有益的探索。     

精确制导弹药低成本制导控制系统设计

针对精确制导弹药制导控制系统低成本的迫切需求,提出了一种弹载低成本制导控制系统设计方法。建立了一种弹载制导控制系统低成本体系架构,从功能、硬件、软件等方面对其进行了GNC一体化设计,并在此基础上提出了一种基于ARM处理器的一体化制导计算机设计方法。针对MEMS导航系统精度低、噪声大特点,设计了一种惯性/卫星数字制导方案。该低成本制导控制系统设计方法可有效减少系统冗余硬件,降低成本,实现较高的制导控制精度,满足未来低成本精确制导武器的需求。     

基于博弈论的装备采办成本控制问题研究

从武器装备采办的理论需求出发,以博弈论为理论工具,对武器装备采办过程中的生产成本控制问题进行了分析;建立了基于激励的生产成本控制模型,并对成本控制模型的特点进行了分析和解释;针对军方在激励合同执行过程中有可能出现的2类错误,对成本控制模型进行了优化。在非对称信息条件下,优化后的成本控制模型不但能有效减少2类错误的发生,而且可提高军方装备采办效用,减少代理方合同风险。     

Optimal replacement under additive damage and other failure models

A machine or production system is subject to random failure. Upon failure the system is replaced by a new one, and the process repeats. A cost is associated with each replacement, and an additional cost is incurred at each failure in service. Thus, there is an incentive for a controller to attempt to replace before failure occurs. The problem is to find an optimal control strategy that balances the cost of replacement with the cost of failure and results in a minimum total long-run average cost per unit time. We attack this problem under the cumulative damage model for system failure. In this failure model, shocks occur to the system in accordance with a Poisson process. Each shock causes a random amount of damage or wear and these damages accumulate additively. At any given shock, the system fails with a known probability that depends on the total damage accumulated to date. We assume that the cumulative damage is observable by the controller and that his decisions may be based on its current value. Supposing that the shock failure probability is an increasing function of the cumulative damage, we show that an optimal policy is to replace either upon failure or when this damage first exceeds a critical control level, and we give an equation which implicitly defines the optimal control level in terms of the cost and other system parameters. Also treated are some more general models that allow for income lost during repair time and other extensions.     

基于模糊动态层次分析法的军车全寿命费用模型

为研究军车最优的效费比，提出了控制军车装备费用增长的有效途径——全寿命费用管理方法，并通过模糊动态层次分析法建立了分析决策模型，将定性与定量的分析有机结合起来研究军车全寿命费用的变化趋势，有利于提高军车装备的可靠性和决策的科学性，具有较好的应用价值。     

Probabilistic solution and bounds for serial inventory systems with discounted and average costs

We consider the infinite horizon serial inventory system with both average cost and discounted cost criteria. The optimal echelon base‐stock levels are obtained in terms of only probability distributions of leadtime demands. This analysis yields a novel approach for developing bounds and heuristics for optimal inventory control polices. In addition to deriving the known bounds in literature, we develop several new upper bounds for both average cost and discounted cost models. Numerical studies show that the bounds and heuristic are very close to optimal.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Sensor radiation interception risk control in target tracking

This paper is mainly on the problem of radiation interception risk control in sensor network for target tracking. Firstly, the sensor radiation interception risk is defined as the product of the interception probability and the cost caused by the interception. Secondly, the radiation interception probability model and cost model are established, based on which the calculation method of interception risk can be obtained. Thirdly, a sensor scheduling model of radiation risk control is established, taking the minimum interception risk as the objective function. Then the Hungarian algorithm is proposed to obtain sensor scheduling scheme. Finally, simulation experiments are mad to prove the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper, which shows that compared with the sensor radiation interception probability control method, the interception risk control method can keep the sensor scheduling scheme in low risk as well as protect sensors of importance in the sensor network.     

基于偏最小二乘回归的军用飞机采购价格预测

考虑到军用飞机采购价格样本数据少、难于预测的特点和偏最小二乘回归方法在处理小样本多元数据方面的优势,提出一种基于偏最小二乘回归的军用飞机价格预测方法.偏最小二乘回归首先提取第一、第二主成分对采购价格样本的特异点进行剔除;然后进行变量投影重要度分析来筛选变量;最后,偏最小二乘回归对筛选的变量进行回归建立军用飞机价格预测模型,并对军用飞机价格进行预测.结果表明,在军用飞机价格预测方面,与未筛选变量的回归模型和逐步多元回归相比,经过变量筛选的偏最小二乘回归模型预测的精度更高,更能体现采购价格与飞机性能参数之间的关系.