一种面向复杂地理空间栅格数据处理算法并行化的任务调度方法

随着并行计算技术的成熟,地理空间栅格数据处理算法的并行化研究成为新的热点。聚焦于处理流程包含多个计算步骤的复杂地理空间栅格数据处理算法,基于空间计算域理论,提出了一个随着算法处理流程而动态变化的任务调度方法。实验证明,该方法在算法流程的每一个计算步都会调整任务分组方案,因此相比于传统任务调度方法,任务调度的负载均衡效果更好,并行算法程序的运行时间更短。     

栅格数据处理中邻域型算法的并行优化方法

随着并行计算的成熟,众多数据密集型的栅格处理算法亟需利用并行计算来缩减执行时间.针对其中一类邻域型算法,构建了用于估计是时间代价的串行/并行时域模型,分析了各个组成的代价影响因素,提出了降低数据I/O代价的并行I/O方法和降低数据通信代价的光圈预测方法.实验证明,所提的两个优化方法可以使邻域型栅格处理算法的并行程序更加充分地利用并行计算资源,进而在一般并行化的基础上进一步提升其并行性能.     

分布式并行地形分析中数据划分机制研究

数据粒度是海量空间数据并行计算的重要问题之一。通过对不同性质的并行算法的对比分析,提出空间数据粒度模型,量化地反映并行地形分析中数据划分的规模,建立并行数据粒度评价模型。通过研究集群环境下不同算法的数据并行数据粒度问题,提出基于并行数据粒度评价模型的优化数据粒度调度算法。通过计算每一次并行计算的时间与数据粒度效率,从而实现对计算数据粒度动态更新以追求更高的加速比。经过实验验证,该算法较之传统算法,可提供更高的任务执行效率并具有更好的可移植性。     

矢量多边形并行栅格化数据划分方法

针对多边形并行栅格化中的负载不均衡问题提出一种新的数据划分方法,主要包括:迭代计算划分线的位置,在每次迭代中保证分块间的计算量大致均衡,完成数据划分、实现负载均衡;提出基于二叉树的划分结果融合策略,以解决跨边界多边形的融合问题。在多核CPU环境下实现并行算法,选用多个典型土地利用现状数据集进行测试。结果表明:针对不同类型多边形数据集,所提方法较传统方法可获得更高的并行加速比和更好的负载均衡;针对大数据量数据集,以多边形节点数为度量标准可更精确地估算分块计算量,从而更好地实现负载均衡。     

栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎

如今大规模地理数据正在社会各个部门和组织中迅速积累,但是由于部门利益和历史沿袭等原因,大规模地理数据共享仍然极具挑战,相应共享技术需求仍然极其旺盛。作为地理数据共享的基础方式之一,传统单机地理数据格式转换技术,一方面受限于磁盘读写及带宽瓶颈,另一方面面对日趋庞大的数据规模,已很难满足实际应用需求。因此提出一种针对栅格地理数据的并行格式转换引擎,采用高性能计算集群环境支持大规模栅格地理数据转换共享,大幅降低了大规模栅格地理数据转换过程的时间成本。栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎采用基于公共接口的设计理念,框架灵活、具有良好的扩展性,支持地理数据格式的读写自定义以及新数据格式添加,能够实现接入数据格式间的任意两两转换。为验证引擎框架及其处理效率,在Lustre并行集群环境下以格网数据交换格式(国家地理空间数据交换格式)向常见栅格地理格式的转换为示例进行了测试实验。结果表明,栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎能够在8个节点Lustre集群中达到7.54的良好并行加速比。     

栅格图矢量化技术中的细线追踪算法研究

细线追踪算法是栅格图矢量化技术中的重要环节,该算法实现了栅格图到矢量图的转变.矢量化过程主要包括彩图分层、曲线细化、细线追踪、后期编辑等若干步骤.介绍了矢量化前后的数据准备和数据处理过程,阐述了细线追踪算法的原理与实现方法,分析了追踪结果的优化问题.该算法在栅格地形图等高线矢量化的实际应用中效果良好.     

基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器

在CPU/GPU异构体系结构计算集群上,建立了基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器。讨论了异构结构上的可压缩流并行算法的并行模式,在CPU上执行计算密集度低、指令复杂的计算任务,在GPU上执行计算密集度高、指令单一的计算任务。通过数个算例,对比了异构并行计算和传统CPU并行计算计算结果和计算效率。将该算法运用于高超声速流动的数值模拟中,数值结果显示,基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器鲁棒性好,计算效率较CPU同构并行计算提高10倍以上。     

基于信息栅格的雷达协同探测技术

给出了信息栅格技术应用于雷达协同探测领域的一种实现方式.针对目前我军雷达传感器在信息共享、协同探测、生存能力和机动接入等方面存在的问题,提供了基于雷达信息栅格技术的解决方法,该方法采用分层的技术标准体系,运用分布计算服务技术,依托高速宽带网络,将陆海空天的雷达站、情报站和指挥所,以信息栅格节点的方式互联,形成资源共享和...     

水下应用栅格翼动态展开参数预示方法

基于水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程动力学模型,根据展开特征角度定常水动力方法,拟合获得展开全程受到的流体力矩,并引入考虑相对速度影响的修正因子,形成水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程参数工程预示方法,以典型展开时序点航行体运动参数为设计输入,对栅格翼展开过程运动参数进行预示。通过与水下应用栅格翼非定常流场仿真计算数据以及水下航行体弹射试验数据对比,验证了上述预示方法的正确性及工程适用性,为水下应用栅格翼方案设计的优化及展开不同步性分析提供设计参考。     

一种基于多核并行计算的目标分配算法设计

随着计算机多核处理器的高速发展,多核并行计算在各领域发展研究的重要性已逐渐突显,分析了当前典型的并行编程模型,在PCAM设计过程的基础上提出了多核并行算法的设计过程,运用OpenMP编程模型完成了一种目标分配算法的多核并行化设计,通过实验及性能分析,验证了并行目标分配算法相较于传统串行算法在计算效率上的优势。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.