搜索状态下相控阵雷达抗干扰能力评估

针对现有评估指标不能全面反映相控阵雷达在搜索状态下的抗干扰能力的问题,提出了利用搜索效率抗干扰改善因子这一综合指标来衡量相控阵雷达搜索状态下的抗干扰能力的方法.建立了在有源噪声干扰下搜索概率计算模型以及采用脉冲累积和累积检测技术后搜索概率的计算模型,通过分析脉冲累积数N和累积检测数M的关系,给出求解最大搜索效率的方法,最后通过实例仿真和结果分析,表明该方法计算简单,科学高效.     

相控阵雷达LPI搜索方法研究

相控阵雷达可通过合理配置工作参数优化其性能。针对相控阵雷达在搜索目标时易受敌方电子侦察设备威胁的现实,研究了在保持搜索能力的同时,通过合理配置参数降低截获概率的问题。分析了影响相控阵雷达搜索状态LPI(Low Probability of Intercept)性能的主要因素,建立了截获概率模型与搜索能力模型,给出了3种参数调整策略。仿真试验验证了模型的有效性,并比较了3种策略的优劣。     

反导任务下一种相控阵雷达搜索参数优化方法

搜索参数优化设计是相控阵雷达探测性能提升的重要途径。在相控阵雷达反导任务背景下,针对导弹类目标建立了以最大期望发现距离为目标函数的搜索参数优化模型,在目标匀速运动和加速运动的条件下分别给出了雷达搜索波束最佳驻留时间以及相应目标期望发现距离的优化表达式,仿真证明了算法的有效性。     

舰载相控阵雷达对空搜索仰角上的资源分配

针对舰载相控阵雷达对空搜索的特点和规律,分析了影响仰角上资源分配的因素,根据不同空域,不同目标的威胁度划分了搜索屏,并确定其优先级别。详细研究了舰载相控阵雷达对空搜索性能的优化模型,给出了相控阵雷达搜索帧周期和驻波时间的优化选取的最佳准则和方法。利用模型进行了相关的仿真计算,得到的结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种高截获概率空域优化搜索算法研究

以数字多功能相控阵被动探测系统为基础,分析了截获辐射源目标信号需要满足的空域、时域、频域三维联合窗函数条件。通过分析辐射源目标截获概率、空域划分,给出了基于截获概率、截获平均时间、空域搜索配额的空域搜索优化模型,仿真验证了该模型的有效性。     

应用于相控阵火控雷达的一种波束交叠新方法

针对传统机载平面相控阵雷达扫描方式所采用的矩形栅交叠结构和三角栅交叠结构所引出的波束形状损失问题,提出了一种新的交叉外切式交叠结构。分析并比较了3种结构的波束形状损失及能量分布图,推导了交叉外切式结构的优化俯仰角和方位角以及中心检测概率。仿真结果表明,交叉外切式结构波束形状损失最小,可以提高雷达中心检测概率,有利于实现雷达的完整性扫描。     

分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达多目标定位

为了充分发挥相控阵雷达探测波束的方向性和分布式多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达空间分集增益和结构增益在目标定位上的优势,提出了一种分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达模型并对其多目标定位方法、搜索复杂度和分辨力进行了研究。建立了分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达的观测模型;依据最大似然估计给出了目标定位的搜索方法并计算了搜索复杂度;并利用模糊函数对分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达的分辨力进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:与常规分布式MIMO雷达相比,分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达子阵波束的方向性可以降低目标定位时的搜索复杂度,缩小距离和角度联合模糊带的长度;与常规相控阵雷达相比,分布式MIMO数字阵列雷达的结构增益可提高目标分辨力。     

相控阵雷达资源管理技术的发展与应用研究

要挖掘和发挥相控阵雷达的最佳潜能,必须对其资源进行动态管理和任务规划。从相控阵雷达资源管理体系结构入手,分析了相控阵雷达搜索状态下的资源管理、跟踪状态下的资源管理、任务优化配置和调度等3个方面国内外的研究内容和现状。针对未来相控阵雷达的发展趋势,提出了进一步研究的重点内容,并对相控阵雷达资源管理技术研究和应用研究的前景进行了展望。     

多模导弹导引头系统

宽频带导弹多慕地引头系统包含２－３５ＧＨｚ频带宽度的宽频带相控阵发射／接收装置的晶片级相控阵。多模中频单元有选择性地产生雷达和干扰波形,并测量反射的雷达参数和外部辐射的ＲＦ能量的参数,制导处理器用于管理前端资源以选择有源或半有源雷达搜索和跟踪,或同时搜索,跟踪,寻的和对复杂的防御雷达实施一种电子干扰。通过将接收的信号与数据库内预存的防御系统的参数、高清晰度目标外形以及预载的目标地理坐标相比较确认一     

基于搜索论的反舰导弹捕捉概率研究

反舰导弹已成为现代海战中的主要进攻武器,正确选择反舰导弹捕捉概率计算模型,对火控系统解算、指挥决策至关重要。针对传统捕捉概率计算方法存在的不足,根据搜索论的基本原理、反舰导弹自控终点分布函数、目标位置域函数、目标分布函数、导弹雷达扫描特征等,提出了基于搜索论的捕捉概率计算方法,确定了常见目标分布条件下的现在点射击捕捉概率计算模型,通过仿真验证了模型的正确性,并由仿真结果确定了敌舰高速规避条件下目标瞄准点选取模型。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.