航天器编队飞行构形保持与重构的继电型控制

研究小偏心参考轨道航天器编队飞行构形保持与重构控制的工程实现技术。首先给出相对运动状态转移矩阵,并推导出常推力控制情况下相对运动状态递推的解析表达式;进而给出脉冲推力、连续变推力和继电型推力三种发动机的推力模型和示意图。分别将等速度冲量的三种推力模型代入相对运动状态转移矩阵中,比较相同条件下相对运动控制作用效果的差异,理论推导结果表明:在一阶意义上,三种推力模型对相对运动控制作用等效,因而航天器编队构形保持与重构控制可以基于继电型推力模型来实现。     

Halo轨道编队构型重构最优控制研究

变长度的测量基线与空间构型的多样性是航天器以编队方式执行深空探测任务的优势之一,该优势的发挥与航天器编队构型重构能力密切相关.针对Halo轨道编队构型重构问题开展研究,分析了Halo轨道编队的构型特性,推导了Halo轨道编队构型重构最优控制的Hamilton方程,基于第一类生成函数构造了最优控制Hamilton方程的迭...     

基于循环追踪算法的编队航天器交会控制

采用循环追踪算法解决编队航天器交会控制问题。建立并推导了线性循环追踪算法和非线性循环追踪算法数学模型,提出了绕飞平面采用循环追踪控制,绕飞平面法向采用比例微分进行振动抑制的编队交会控制律。基于脉冲推力方式,对绕飞平面分别采用线性和非线性循环追踪的三航天器编队交会控制问题进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提出的基于循环追踪的控制方式可满足编队航天器交会控制要求,航天器按顺时针运行轨迹交会于初始位置决定的参考中心,三航天器间相对距离、相对运动速度变化趋势基本一致,速度增量消耗较小,为航天器编队构形控制研究提供有益参考。     

利用数值优化技术设计周期性绕飞的编队轨道

考虑非线性和椭圆参考轨道等因素,选择编队卫星周期性绕飞的初始条件,设计自然周期性绕飞轨道,对长期编队飞行是十分必要的。然而利用Hill方程确定初始绕飞条件,设计长期编队飞行的轨道,具有很大的误差。本文在考虑非线性和椭圆参考轨道等因素的条件下,利用数字优化技术寻找周期性绕飞的初始条件,设计不消耗任何燃料的编队卫星轨道。优化的结果可用来研究周期性绕飞轨道必须满足的条件,加强对编队机理的认识。数值仿真结果验证了优化结果的正确性和有效性。     

基于Hill方程的编队卫星群运动分析与轨道设计

从Hill方程出发 ,研究了绕飞轨道的性质及编队卫星群的轨道设计方法。从三方面对绕飞轨道进行了描述 :坐标平面投影 ,与坐标平面的夹角 ,绕飞轨道根数。编队卫星群的轨道设计分两步进行 :先求基本环绕卫星的轨道根数 ;再求其它环绕卫星的轨道根数。仿真结果表明 ,此方法适用于编队飞行的初步设计     

基于组合机动的共面绕飞卫星队形保持研究

共面绕飞卫星的相对运动轨迹是一个椭圆,由于卫星受摄动力影响,其编队构形会发生变化.提出一种基于组合机动的队形保持策略,即在Hill轨道坐标系中,通过测量绕飞卫星相对位置,利用切向脉冲推力与径向连续常推力进行组合控制,消除相对运动椭圆中心的相位漂移.考虑地球扁率J2项摄动的影响,在队形保持中引入J2相对摄动加速度以提高控制精度.仿真结果表明,该控制方法能对共面卫星编队的空间构形进行有效保持.     

Halo轨道的航天器编队构型设计

针对不同干涉基线约束下的最优Halo轨道编队构型设计方法展开研究。以Richardson关于Halo轨道的三阶近似解析解为基础建立同一轨道上两航天器编队的相对运动学模型;以平动点为质心的旋转坐标系为基准构造与编队主航天器和观测目标相关的旋转坐标系,并在此坐标系中给出不同于二体问题的干涉基线计算方法;以满足基线约束下观测时间最长为目标给出最优编队构型设计方法。最后,以绕日-地L2点的Halo轨道为例对上述编队构型设计方法的有效性进行了仿真验证。     

航天器轨道机动仿真

针对航天器轨道机动问题,研究了航天器的多种轨道机动方式,给出在不同轨道情况下的模型实现及数字仿真.设计了航天器轨道机动消耗的目标函数,建立了能量-时间消耗的混合优化指标,最终得出了航天器在不同约束条件下的轨道机动策略.     

基于相对轨道根数的几种大椭圆轨道编队构形

大椭圆轨道航天器在较长轨道周期内运行于远地点上空,可以实现高纬度地区长时间的通信和预警,具有重要的军事应用价值.大椭圆轨道编队飞行可实现空间磁场探测、信息干扰等特殊空间任务.有必要研究大椭圆轨道的多航天器协同运动理论.完善了以相对轨道根数为变量的大椭圆编队相对运动模型,分析了模型的误差.推导并证明了几种特殊的伴随星相对运动轨迹:直线、圆、椭圆,给出了两颗以及三颗卫星形成特殊编队构形的条件.仿真结果表明,在二体条件下,对近距离大椭圆轨道航天器的相对运动,编队具有较高的精度.论文研究结论可为大椭圆轨道航天器编队构形初步设计提供理论指导.     

基于相对轨道根数的卫星编队重构控制研究

针对卫星编队的重构控制问题,利用相对轨道根数描述编队构形,结合高斯摄动方程并利用始末编队构形的振幅和相位,设计了沿航迹三次冲量控制和侧向一次控制的方法,实现了卫星编队的重构控制;最后进行了数值仿真,并分析了沿航迹漂移的修正方法。仿真结果验证了控制策略的简单性和有效性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.