高精度步枪系统射击密集度仿真分析方法研究

使用统计方法研究步枪弹射击密集度,能够有效分析参数对射击密集度的影响情况,并能为高精度步枪的设计提供参考依据。给出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法研究步枪弹射击密集度的方法,以某7.62mm高精度狙击枪为例进行了仿真计算。获得了各参数的正态分布图,使用Matlab编程实现内外弹道的计算,最终获得了不同距离的立靶射弹散布图。能够有效获取相应步枪的射击密集度。     

基于随机动力学的火炮射弹散布评估

火炮射击时由于炮口振动参数的大小直接影响着射弹散布，在考虑内弹道诸元随机性的基础上，借助ADAMS／Insight对火炮的炮膛压力进行了随机模拟。基于所建立的火炮虚拟样机模型，采用随机动力学理论，进行炮口随机响应分析。通过建立射弹散布与炮口振动的函数关系进行射弹散布的评估，实现了从武器系统诸元的统计特性到装备性能的评估。     

某车载速射迫击炮连发射击及炮口振动特性分析

火炮射击时的炮口振动是影响火炮射击密集度的关键因素之一。某车载速射迫击炮采用炮闩浮动式自动机构来实现连发射击,为研究该炮连发射击时的动力学特性,建立了考虑悬挂和轮胎参数的全炮动力学模型。利用ADAMS中的函数以及传感器功能,实现了炮闩浮动式自动机构连发时炮膛合力的准确施加,分析了连发射击时的炮口振动特性。该方法具有通用性,对采用浮动式自动机构,前冲定点击发的武器均适用。结果表明,该方法使得炮闩浮动前冲击发过程更加符合实际情况,炮口振动特性与实验相符。为该武器系统的后续研究提供了参考依据。     

火炮随动系统射击试验射弹数的自动控制

针对火炮随动系统射击试验中射击时机和射弹数难于人工控制的特点 ,讨论了利用火炮随动测试系统进行自动控制的可行性 ,分析了射弹数自动控制的误差。     

基于Bayes方法的射击密集度评估

以某远程武器射击密集度鉴定问题为对象,研究了运用Bayes 理论从仿真试验数据中提取有用信息,从而实现在少量试验样本情况下有效完成射击密集度试验鉴定任务的方法.将最大熵法应用于射击密集度估计,介绍了运用自助(Bootstrap)法从仿真试验结果中获取验前信息的基本思想和一般方法,以及在获得验前信息后结合现场试验样本进行射击密集度鉴定的方法.     

基于模糊椭圆聚类的火炮射击精度分析

考虑到对于大规模炮兵部队的应用,如何提高炮兵火力运用的效率,特别是充分发挥大规模炮兵部队的应用效能,具有重要意义.提出根据对不同火炮散布误差的聚类分析,可以指导编组具有相似射击误差特性的火炮,形成火力单位,从而更加有效地执行火力任务.针对火炮散布椭圆特性,采用一种基于模糊椭圆的聚类方法.针对某地实弹射击数据实验表明,该方法是有效的.     

远程火炮密集度试验多组数据的处理方法

远程火炮密集度试验需要进行多次射击,同一试验条件下的多组数据通常认为来源于同一分布,但却未见于证明。利用统计检验方法,给出了对试验数据方差齐性及均值相等性的检验方法,并在多组试验数据一致性的基础上给出了试验数据均值、方差的无偏估计,同时在既定置信度下给出了其置信区间,为远程火炮精度检测提供了工具。     

某型遥控武器站射击密集度仿真与优化

针对提高遥控武器站连发射击精度的问题,在综合考虑某型遥控武器站射击精度影响因素的基础上,通过引进柔性体建立了武器站的射击密集度模型,并通过与试验数据的对比验证了模型的可靠性。利用虚拟样机以缓冲簧刚度和平衡机刚度为设计变量对武器站射击时炮口振动位移进行了优化设计,并得出了最佳设计值,对提高遥控武器站射击密集度具有一定的指导作用。     

坦克稳像火控系统射击精度分析

从射击准备和射弹散布两个方面,对坦克稳像火控系统射击误差进行了较全面地分析,提出了射击误差的计算方法,并在此基础上对坦克使用稳像火控系统射击时的首发命中概率进行了计算     

舰载雷达发现目标的效能概率计算

根据舰载雷达保障火炮射击任务的要求,结合火炮自身使用特点,提出舰载雷达发现目标的效能概率计算问题。应用概率分析方法,对多种距离上舰载雷达发现目标保障火炮系统有效射击的概率进行了推导,得出舰载雷达保障火炮系统有效射击的概率计算公式,并进行了实例分析。实际作战运用中,可以应用此算法对火炮系统的射击概率计算,可以较好地保障火炮系统的射击准备时间,但影响实际火炮射击的因素很多,表征雷达发现目标的效能指标也很多,应综合考虑。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.