多机协同对空目标探测与攻击任务的最优分配

针对信息化条件下多机协同空战中需要协同制导的问题,建立了探测任务和攻击任务分配的模型。首先根据战场态势和雷达探测能力建立探测任务分配模型,然后根据战场态势和武器作战能力建立攻击任务分配模型,最后将此多目标决策问题转化为单目标优化问题。通过建立可行解到粒子间的映射,提出了粒子群优化算法对该优化问题进行求解。仿真实验表明了该模型与算法的可行性与有效性。     

基于OKNN的目标战术意图识别方法

战术级意图识别为指挥员理解战场态势,制定接下来的作战计划提供辅助决策。意图识别模型的构建是态势分析过程中实体行为建模的难点之一。针对传统战术意图识别方法中战场态势不确定性的集成与传递,以及推理模板固化问题,在以获取目标动态作战知识用于解释敌方作战行动过程中行动要素的基础上,构建了目标战术意图推理框架;根据作战计划制定特点,提出了基于作战知识神经网络(operation knowledge neural network,OKNN)的目标战术意图识别方法。OKNN以空中目标群为单位,通过实时动态建立基于作战知识的实体片段集来增强模型推理的灵活性,模型基于经验的训练样本计划库,可动态自适应的调整目标战术意图空间分布结果,大大消减了不确定性的集成与传递。最后通过仿真实验验证了模型的有效性。     

基于智能化技术的协同作战方式

军事装备的智能化升级改造将推动智能装备作为独立的功能平台或作战单元参与到未来的战争中,与作战人员共同完成作战任务,在联合作战的背景下,作战人员与智能装备在战场上的共生与协同将成为最主要的作战样式。本文以装备逐步实现智能化为考虑基础,分析了未来参与作战的人和智能装备实现技战术协同的方式及场景,以及装备实现智能化协同所需要的关键技术。     

支持潜艇态势感知的连通性网络设计及应用

以保证潜艇隐蔽性为前提,如何增强潜艇的战场态势感知能力是提升潜艇作战效能的关键。因此,以分析潜艇战场态势感知能力现状为基础,构建一种以无人平台作为战场单元,支持潜艇战场态势感知的连通性网络模型,并对其组成、功能及工作过程进行了详细设计;对战场单元的任务载荷和任务规划进行了详细阐述;最后从作战角度出发,展开连通性网络的作战应用研究。     

对空防御态势分析中敌平台战术任务识别方法

针对传统战术任务推理方法难以处理对抗性意图存在欺骗行为的问题,通过变换态势分析人员视角,以敌方指挥员角度建立了基于作战效能最大化的单平台战术任务推理模型。模型首先根据对空防御战场态势构建了执行各战术任务的效能评价指标及其优势函数;进而将此多平台战术任务推理转化为多目标优化问题,并通过连续Hopfield神经网络优化算法对该问题进行求解。最后通过仿真实验对推理模型的可行性与有效性进行了验证。     

基于多Agent战术行动自主协同仿真系统

将多Agent技术引入到战术行动自主协同作战模型仿真和评估研究中。首先参考美军"任务式指挥"指导思想和诸多协同理论,提出战术行动自主协同作战模型,在分析多Agent建模技术的基础上,构建了基于多Agent战术行动自主协同仿真系统,给出了战术行动自主协同作战过程的推演,最后以一个案例验证了战术行动自主协同作战模型的可行性。     

舰艇编队舰机协同反潜警戒模型研究

反潜作战是联合机动编队的主要作战任务之一, 舰机协同反潜研究有着十分广阔的应用前景。根据舰机协同反潜行动的特点,给出了联合机动编队警戒范围的数学模型,以直升机吊放声纳和舰艇拖曳声纳为主要因素,重点研究联合机动编队及其舰载反潜直升机协同反潜作战过程中的建模与仿真问题,建立了单机和双机联合舰艇编队反潜模型。     

潜艇与侦察兵力协同布雷建模及仿真

针对现代布雷作战中现有协同布雷研究方法的不足,提出了一种新的潜艇与侦察兵力协同布雷方法。根据侦察兵力在不同协同布雷阶段完成作战任务的不同,分别构建了侦察兵力担负战场预警和战场引导作战任务的协同布雷模型,优化了水雷线计算模型,改进了侦察兵力协同潜艇引导布雷行动模型,并对所建模型进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了模型的有效性和合理性,并较全面、合理地反应了布雷作战的实际。     

编队电子战防空反导战术演练态势设计

为使编队电子战系统相关人员在防空反导战术演练中具有完全真实的角色扮演,设计了编队电子战防空反导战术演练的态势。归纳了编队电子战系统在防空反导作战任务中的作用,围绕防空反导作战任务中编队电子战行动效果问题,剖析了编队电子战防空反导战术演练的目的;通过演练中的红、蓝兵力配置和演练过程设计,刻画战场中的兵力分布及战场环境的当前状态和发展变化趋势。     

地面无人作战平台信息感知及其关键技术研究

信息感知是地面无人平台自主导航控制和执行任务的前提。介绍了国内外地面无人作战平台信息感知技术的研究现状;根据地面无人作战平台对远、中、近不同层次环境信息感知能力的要求,建立基于对象协同的信息感知模型。分别阐述了自主感知与协同感知各自所需的关键技术,提出多技术融合、全方位协同的发展方向。研究表明,全方位的协同感知才能提高无人作战平台自身的生存和任务执行能力。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.