基于灰关联分析和粗糙集的通信电台识别方法

通信侦察过程积累了大量电台通信记录,对这些数据进行分析、推理,可以识别电台的数量、装载平台等,为了提高识别正确率,提出了基于灰关联分析和粗糙集的通信电台识别方法。首先,依据粗糙集理论将信息表划分等价类,得到电台航迹;再根据灰关联分析计算雷达航迹和电台航迹的灰关联度,最后按照最大灰关联度原则进行通信电台关联。实验结果表明该方法适用范围更广,在多个平台的运动轨迹交叉且在交叉时刻各有电台通联、同一平台上的多个电台在不同时间通联这两种情况下,均能较好地对电台进行关联。     

模糊聚类法改进异类传感器航迹关联北大核心

针对ESM与雷达的异类传感器航迹关联的准确性问题,提出了一种基于模糊聚类方法的异类传感器航迹关联算法。首先,将测得的航迹看作方位信息的时间序列,由不同航迹最终构成一个时间序列集合;再以当前时刻与历史时刻为模糊因子进行相似计算并得到模糊相似矩阵,并求得模糊等价矩阵;最后采用全局最优的判别准则确定航迹关联对,达到航迹关联的目的。仿真结果表明,基于模糊等价关系的异类传感器航迹关联算法能够有效提高ESM与雷达的航迹关联性能。     

模糊聚类法改进异类传感器航迹关联

针对ESM与雷达的异类传感器航迹关联的准确性问题,提出了一种基于模糊聚类方法的异类传感器航迹关联算法。首先,将测得的航迹看作方位信息的时间序列,由不同航迹最终构成一个时间序列集合;再以当前时刻与历史时刻为模糊因子进行相似计算并得到模糊相似矩阵,并求得模糊等价矩阵;最后采用全局最优的判别准则确定航迹关联对,达到航迹关联的目的。仿真结果表明,基于模糊等价关系的异类传感器航迹关联算法能够有效提高ESM与雷达的航迹关联性能。     

自适应航迹融合算法及其仿真

在简单融合算法和协方差加权融合算法的基础上给出一种自适应航迹融合算法,并对这一算法进行了仿真.首先根据已关联的多个传感器的航迹状态估计计算得到第一个距离测度S1,并与门限T1比较.若S1小于门限T1则融合节点将选择本地航迹估计作为全局航迹估计;否则计算距离测度S2.这里S2也是局部航迹状态估计的函数.若S2小于门限T2则判决融合节点执行简单融合算法;否则判决融合节点执行协方差加权航迹融合算法.这里门限值T1,和T2代表了系统对融合航迹质量的要求以及系统可用资源对融合算法的综合影响.仿真结果表明自适应融合算法能够根据融合系统不同时刻对融合质量的不同要求以及系统资源的变化来自适应地选择满足要求的融合算法,从而降低航迹融合算法的计算复杂度.     

一种新的多传感器航迹关联算法

提出一种基于多传感器航迹的关联算法.首先根据雷达和目标球极投影后的几何位置关系,利用三角形的几何性质分别建立两个航迹关联函数,并利用加权思想进一步建立相似度函数;在此基础上,利用一阶泰勒展式对航迹关联函数理论分析获得航迹粗关联门限;然后依次通过粗关联和精关联实现航迹关联.仿真结果表明了该算法的时效性和稳定性.     

大时空差条件下高超声速目标检测关联算法

针对临近空间高超声速目标因产生等离子体鞘套导致航迹中断的问题,提出了一种大时空差条件下的目标检测与航迹关联算法。在三维空间中将量测点坐标变换为径向距离-时间坐标,后通过Hough变换进行非相参积累,设置低门限提取分航迹。根据分航迹间的时间、速度、方位角多信息融合,关联属于同一条真实航迹的分航迹并输出最终航迹。仿真结果表明,算法具备对多个高超声速目标中断航迹检测关联的能力,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

基于随机集的传感器网络多目标航迹跟踪研究

针对利用有限集统计理论对声学WSN下的多目标跟踪时,无法实现前后两个时刻目标状态的关联问题,利用最近邻方法和粒子标签法对WSN多目标的航迹跟踪问题进行了研究。仿真结果表明,两种算法都能够有效实现对多个目标航迹的跟踪;另外,粒子标签方法进行多目标跟踪时能够同时实现对多目标状态的估计和对多目标航迹的跟踪。     

密集目标有偏航迹整体匹配关联方法

针对密集目标和传感器探测存在较大系统偏差的复杂条件下的分布式融合中航迹关联问题,设计了一种整体匹配航迹关联方法,首先将所有航迹划分成若干个关联聚,对各传感器都有多个目标航迹的关联聚采用多目标点图整体匹配,对某传感器只有单目标航迹的关联聚采用航迹段整体匹配,从而获得关联聚内所有航迹的关联关系。在仿真分析中,随机产生态势,分别计算新算法在不同情形下的漏关联、正确关联率、错误关联率。仿真验证结果表明该算法在不同目标密集程度、系统误差情形下都有较好的适应性。     

分布式2D雷达网的航迹关联方法

针对分布式2D雷达网由于缺乏高度信息而不能对空中目标进行航迹关联的问题,研究了一种2D与2D雷达航迹关联算法。首先,利用雷达和目标之间的几何特性将来自两异地雷达的航迹有效地统一起来,建立航迹关联函数;然后,对关联函数进行一阶泰勒展开,得到关联函数与雷达量测噪声的线性关系,并根据雷达量测噪声的置信区间得到关联门限;最后,在航迹粗关联的基础上建立基于历史信息的关联代价矩阵,利用匈牙利算法对代价矩阵进行航迹最优分配,实现航迹精关联。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效解决分布式2D雷达网对空中目标的航迹关联问题,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

信息融合中的态势关联方法研究

在研究了态势目标航迹关联特点的基础上 ,建立了航迹预测和样条拟合关联模型 .该关联模型首先将前后两段航迹进行预测 ,然后进行样条拟合关联检验 ,从而实现了多目标环境中中断目标态势的关联判断 .经仿真计算 ,此关联模型是可行实用的     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.