加肋轴对称组合壳塑性极限分析 专用软件LAFEMAT的研制

基于轴对称截锥壳单元,建立了加肋轴对称组合壳塑性极限分析的有限元计算方法;应用Fortran语言编制了LAFEMAT专用软件.该软件通过分步加载,计算每一载荷步作用下组合壳单元的应力状态,采用一系列弹性计算方法模拟弹-塑性计算,直至组合壳达到极限状态,从而求得极限载荷.实例证明:该专用软件具有较高的计算效率和精度.     

加肋凹型锥-环-柱结合壳塑性极限分析

为探究加肋凹型锥-环-柱结合壳的塑性极限承载能力,首先通过有限元法分别对加肋凹型锥-柱结合壳和加肋凹型锥-环-柱结合壳进行了塑性极限分析,对比了结构的塑性极限载荷;然后,分析了加载过程中结构的力学行为,提出以极限载荷系数和塑性区扩展长度衡量局部进入塑性后,结构继续承载的能力;最后,指出了加肋凹型锥-环-柱结合壳结构形式的优越性,探讨了其强度标准,并通过一个精车模型试验对计算结果进行了初步验证。     

加肋轴对称薄壳强度分析的有限元方法

加肋轴对称薄壳的强度问题,需要考虑肋骨的作用。针对该问题,采用轴对称曲边壳单元建立了肋骨单元的刚度矩阵,将该矩阵叠加到轴对称曲边壳单元的刚度矩阵中,对加肋轴对称薄壳的强度进行有限元分析。应用Fortran语言编写了有限元计算程序,对一个精车模型进行了强度计算,计算结果同模型试验结果吻合良好,表明该方法可以应用于加肋轴对称薄壳的强度分析。     

加过渡环的锥柱组合旋转壳的有限元应力分析与比较

对旋转组合壳体在轴对称静载荷作用下的强度计算,采用了性能良好的三节点曲线壳元,并采用整体坐标下位移和转角各自独立的插值函数推导有限元列式和编制计算机程序。经算例验证表明,上述单元和算法具有单元划分少、精度高、收敛性好的优点。对锥-锥-柱、锥-环-柱、锥-环-锥-环-柱等组合壳过渡区域最大弯矩值和应力值随结构参数变化情况进行了广泛的计算和对比分析,得出了一些有重要工程意义的新结论。     

带有损伤凹陷的环肋圆柱壳应力和稳定性分析

为探寻局部受损伤潜艇结构的承载能力,以出现较大损伤变形的环肋圆柱壳舱段结构为研究对象,"涡形凹陷"作为损伤变形的典型形状,运用MSC/NASTRAN软件计算了这种结构在静水外压作用下的应力分布和失稳临界压力。结果表明:带有损伤凹陷的环肋圆柱壳与完好状态环肋圆柱壳相比,最大应力值提高,失稳临界压力值下降,应力的改变对环肋圆柱壳承载能力的影响更大;相同凹陷幅度下,损伤凹陷中心在肋骨位置时,对圆柱壳应力状态和稳定性的影响最为恶劣。肋骨分别采用梁单元或壳单元两种建模方式时,得出的应力和失稳临界压力变化规律一致,采用梁单元建模得出的肋骨应力偏安全。     

具有初始挠度的环肋圆柱壳在静水外压作用下的应力分析

本文讨论了壳板初挠度对环肋圆柱壳在静水外压作用下应力分布的影响,用理论分析的方法预报了有初挠度壳体中的应力。通过对涡型初挠度的讨论,建立了初挠度范围因子的概念,提出了具有普遍意义的初挠度数学模型,并且用线性小挠度理论对具有非轴对称初挠度的弹性环肋圆柱壳进行了求解并与SAPV计算结果进行了比较。理论分析表明,初桡度范围对壳体应力也有较大的影响,外凸和内凹初挠度对壳体应力的影响是不同的。因此,应该综合讨论初挠度幅值、范围以及凸凹形式对环肋圆柱壳壳体应力的影响。     

耐压液舱区域耐压船体强度的研究

本文把带纵骨实肋板式耐压液舱和对应的耐压船体看成一弹性整体,求解了耐压液舱区耐压船体的应力响应,并通过塑性极限分析,求得了其极限承载能力。理论分析与有限元计算及实验结果相比较,吻合较好。     

拉压异性材料厚壁圆筒和厚壁球壳的极限载荷分析

本文利用库仑屈服准则,研究了拉压异性材料厚壁圆筒和厚壁球壳的弹性极限载荷和塑性极限载荷,得出了新的结果和结论。计算结果表明,考虑了材料的拉压异性之后,厚壁圆筒和厚壁球壳的极限载荷均有明显提高。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下受损加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度计算

研究了在水下爆炸载荷作用下受损的加肋圆柱壳的屈曲.结合DYTRAN软件和NASTRAN软件计算了水下爆炸载荷作用下受损的加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度,并且提出了一种结合上述两种软件计算加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度的方法.数值计算表明,预测结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

Riccati传递矩阵法在潜艇结构强度和稳定性分析中的应用

运用Riccati传递矩阵方法,建立了旋转壳单元的场传递矩阵,推导了肋骨和母线倾角不连续位置的点传递矩阵,在推导中考虑了肋骨各方向可能的变形,编制了用于分析组合加肋旋转壳应力和稳定性的计算机程序(应力程序SAPRi,稳定性程序BAPRi)。利用SAPRi程序和BAPRi程序对潜艇耐压结构的典型结构算例进行了应力和稳定性分析,并将计算结果与理论结果或商用软件(MSC/NASTRAN)的计算结果进行比较,表明该程序结果正确可信,计算速度快,适合于工程应用。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.