硼砂对磷酸镁水泥性能影响及微观作用机理分析

研究了硼砂对磷酸镁水泥凝结时间与抗压强度的影响,分析了硼砂对水泥性能影响的微观作用机制.研究发现:随着硼砂对MgO质量分数增加,磷酸镁水泥凝结时间延长,其早期抗压强度迅速降低,后期抗压强度所受影响相对较小;磷酸镁水泥应用于快速修补及抢修抢建时,硼砂质量为氧化镁质量的5％～10％为宜;硼砂对磷酸镁水泥水化产物的早期生成量...     

模拟放射性核素Cs对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响

以重烧氧化镁、磷酸二氢钾和硼砂为主要原料制备磷酸镁水泥,研究模拟放射性核素Cs对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响。结果表明:掺入Cs使磷酸镁水泥抗压强度下降;随着Cs掺量的增大,磷酸镁水泥流动度先减小后增大,凝结时间明显延长;Cs掺量为磷酸镁水泥质量的1.2%时,试件1 d抗压强度为32.5 MPa,远高于国家标准对低、中水平放射性废物固化体7 MPa的要求;磷酸镁水泥对Cs+有较高的吸附率,12 h吸附率可以达到61.28%;Cs掺量达到磷酸镁水泥质量的0.8%时,磷酸镁水泥水化放热降低、水化产物形成受阻。     

含模拟放射性核素~(133)Cs磷酸钾镁水泥固化体性能

按照GB 14569.1—2011要求对含Cs磷酸钾镁水泥固化体抗压强度、抗浸泡性、抗冻融性、抗冲击性和抗浸出性进行了研究,探讨固化体物相组成、微观形貌和固化机理。研究结果表明:含Cs磷酸钾镁水泥固化体具有较好的抗压强度、抗浸泡性、抗冻融性和抗冲击性;磷酸钾镁水泥对Cs的固化能力优越,42 d时Cs+累积浸出分数为38.761×10-3cm,远低于GB 14569.1—2011要求的0.26 cm;固化体物相分析和微观形貌分析表明,Cs Cl会参加水化反应生成Mg Cs PO4·6H2O晶体,固化体结构密实,机械固化效果好。     

煅烧高岭土对磷酸钾镁水泥性能的影响

采用煅烧高岭土等量取代磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)的方法研究了煅烧高岭土对MKPC凝结时间、流动度、强度、水化热和早期收缩的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对水化产物进行了分析。结果表明:煅烧高岭土降低了MKPC的凝结时间、流动度和强度,为保证施工时间和良好流动度,其质量分数应控制在10%左右;煅烧高岭土可以降低放热量和放热速率,减少其早期收缩,会影响MKPC的水化过程,但不会影响水化产物的种类和结晶程度。     

海空背景下目标红外辐射特征分析

根据海空复杂背景下点目标的红外特征 ,提出了目标红外特征的一般计算方法 .根据不同的气象条件、不同海域背景 ,计算分析了环境对红外辐射两个大气窗口 ,即 3～ 5 μm和 8～ 12 μm双波段大气透过率的影响 ,并给出了相应结论     

粉末燃料冲压发动机内镁粉尘云层流燃烧模型

对粉末燃料冲压发动机预燃室内镁粉尘云燃烧过程进行了研究,建立了镁粉尘云的一维层流预混燃烧模型。研究表明,镁粉尘云层流火焰传播很稳定,燃烧过程中火焰结构基本不变,燃烧区很薄,而预热区厚度约是燃烧区的2-3倍。粉尘云中镁颗粒的蒸发和气相镁与氧气的均相反应是产生火焰的直接原因,也是火焰得以传播的关键。预热区气相温度升高主要靠燃烧区气体的导热和扩散过来的气相镁与氧气反应释放热量,而预热区颗粒相温度升高主要靠气相对其对流传热。分析了各参数对粉尘云燃烧的影响,颗粒相对浓度对粉尘云燃烧的影响比较复杂,在浓度较低的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度有利于粉尘云快速燃烧;而在浓度较高的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度则不利于粉尘云快速燃烧。随颗粒粒径的增加,火焰传播速度减小,火焰温度升高,预热区厚度增大。火焰传播速度和火焰温度随粉尘云初温增加线性增长,预热区厚度随粉尘云初温增加抛物线增长。数值模拟与文献中试验结果的变化趋势相一致。     

基于动力学和扩散分段控制的Mg/H2O反应模型及数值分析

为了数值研究宽广温度范围内Mg/H2O的反应特性,分别建立了考虑部分MgO在液滴表面凝聚的Mg/H2O扩散燃烧模型和基于Arrhenius公式的Mg/H2O反应动力学模型.数值研究了Mg/H2O反应速率在扩散控制和化学动力学控制下随反应条件变化的规律.研究结果表明,Mg液滴扩散燃烧时间计算结果与文献值相符;提高温度和水...     

喷气式飞机尾焰红外辐射的理论计算与仿真

通过对喷气式飞机尾焰流场特点的深入分析,绘制了尾焰的等温线图和各组分等压图.考虑了谱线的碰撞展宽效应和多普勒展宽效应,利用单谱带模型C-G近似法,计算了尾焰各控制体的吸收系数,同时给出了尾焰红外辐射强度的计算方法和步骤.最后,计算了某单管型号的喷气式飞机在非加力状态下的3 μm～5 μm红外辐射强度,并与实际的测量数据...     

空地ARM红外辐射特性研究

深入研究反辐射导弹的红外辐射特征,并建立其红外辐射简化模型.以导弹蒙皮、发动机尾喷管及尾喷焰作为导弹的主要红外辐射源,计算某型反辐射导弹在3μm～5μm和8 μm～12μm波段在不同方向上的红外辐射强度,并针对计算结果进行了分析,可为红外告警系统探测反辐射导弹提供一定理论依据.     

石蜡/硅藻土定型相变材料对磷酸钾镁水泥性能的影响

制备了石蜡/硅藻土定型相变材料(PA/D-PCMs),对其亲水性和热性能进行了表征,同时研究了PA/D-PCMs对磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)水化温升、工作性能、抗压强度和水化产物的影响。结果表明:PA/D-PCMs具有疏水性和较高热焓,PA/D-PCMs的掺入能有效降低MKPC水化温升峰值,但同时也降低了MKPC的流动度、凝结时间及抗压强度。为满足施工的可操作性和强度要求,PA/D-PCMs的质量分数应控制在4%左右。PA/D-PCMs不会与MKPC各原料组分之间发生反应生成新的水化产物,但将降低原有水化产物的结晶度。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.