基于混合粒子群优化的多目标决策新方法

多目标优化问题中的一个关键在于合理地评判各有效解的优劣。通过引入灰色系统理论中灰色关联度的概念作为评判准则,结合粒子群优化算法进行有约束多目标规划问题的研究。提出了一种新的不可行解的保留策略,进化过程中以此策略保留适量的不可行解,有利于增强对约束边界附近可能的最优解的搜索,同时,针对粒子群优化算法的容易陷入局部最优的缺点,实现了以粒子群优化为载体的混合算法:即对全局极值邻域进一步混沌搜索寻优。仿真结果表明改进的算法对多目标决策问题是有效的。     

空降地面作战突破点决策模型

空降地面作战突破点决策问题,由于属性值的复杂而导致突破点选择或决策非常困难。运用可信性理论的原理,做出了3点研究成果:构造了基于可信性测度的属性值处理方法;结合负理想点方法,建立了基于可信性测度的多目标机会约束规划(CCMOP)权重计算模型,并转化为容易计算的单目标决策;考虑到空降地面作战突破点属性值的未确知特点,确立了基于机会乐观值的排序方法。最后给出一个简单实例,说明该方法在解决突破点问题是可行的。     

未确知测度的武警机动师跨区域处突作战效能评估

基于未确知测度理论,建立了武警部队跨区域处置大规模突发事件的作战效能评价模型。首先,建立各影响因素的未确知测度函数。根据实际情况,采用定性、定量分析相结合,并利用熵权理论计算各影响因素的指标权重,依照置信度识别准则进行等级判定,最后得出某部队跨区域作战效能评价结果。计算结果更为客观与实际情况吻合较好,可见该方法的运用科学合理,所得结果对于提高部队作战效能以及辅助决策具有一定参考价值,可以在实际中推广应用。     

基于信息熵的未确知测度的指挥信息优势评估

现代战争中获取信息优势成为夺取战争胜利的关键。为更好对指挥信息优势进行定量评估,在未确知数学理论基础上,首先引入专家可信度对指标效果值进行处理;研究了信息优势的度量和识别方法;并通过评估指标输出的信息熵确定指标权重,建立了基于未确知测度的指挥信息优势评价模型。最后通过实例分析给出评估结果和改进建议,获得了较为成功的应用。未确知效果测度评价模型严谨,评价结果合理、精细、分辨率高,适合于指挥信息优势的评价。     

对抗仿真中防空导弹微分对策模型研究

针对防空导弹与目标的空间对抗,建立了防空导弹微分对策空间对抗模型,并推算得到了最优策略,运用自适应神经网络评判方法对模型进行求解,通过给定条件下的仿真证明了该算法的有效性,显示了该模型可应用于防空导弹与目标的空间对抗问题。     

基于蚁群算法的广义扩展双桥问题的最优解

在扩展双桥实验的基础上,提出了同时考虑路径长度和多项边成本的广义扩展双桥问题,该模型是多准则决策问题的基础模型。提出了一种基于蚁群算法的多准则寻优方法,该方法采用了边成本矩阵和相应的目标函数描述问题,并将信息素与其相关联。仿真结果证明,通过合理的参数设置,蚁群算法能有效得出广义扩展双桥问题的最优解。同时,退化为扩展双桥问题时,该算法同样适用。该实验有效证明了蚁群算法对于多准则决策问题的解决具有很好的指导意义。     

模糊综合评判在武器费用-效能分析中的应用

针对武器费用-效能分析需综合考虑费用、效能和时间三方面因素的问题,提出一种基于模糊综合评判法的多目标决策问题的解决方案.介绍了模糊综合评判的数学模型,总结了在应用模糊综合评判进行辅助决策时需要注意的三点问题,最后结合实例对4种飞机备选研制方案,通过建立单因素评判的模糊优先矩阵、计算单因素排序向量进而得到评判矩阵,采用加权平均型合成算子,将评判矩阵与由KLEE法得到的加权向量进行合成,得出了4种方案的费用-效能分析结果,为方案的选择提供了依据,结果表明,这种方法具有实用价值.     

无人侦察机的航迹重规划

用图像质量方程预测各个侦察目标的图像质量,以所有目标图像质量的加权之和最大和总路径长度最小为目标,在传感器观察范围、飞机机动和对目标图像质量要求以及威胁等多个约束条件下进行多目标寻优确定侦察航迹点,得到Pareto最优路径集。以目标总图像质量、总路径长度和路径总威胁为评价因素,专家系统综合当前机上资源、目标特性和威胁等级给出评价因素加权,用模糊选优方法通在Pareto最优路径集中选择加权意义下的唯一最优路径。     

要地防空中目标威胁的未确知测度评价

本文在未确知测度理论基础上 ,针对防空作战中敌机威胁排序问题 ,建立了评价排序模型 ,并获得了较为成功的应用     

天基光学短弧观测约束域的粒子群优化定轨方法

针对空间目标定轨问题,提出一种利用两段天基光学短弧观测数据的粒子群优化定轨新算法。在介绍天基光学短弧观测测量帧集、测量约束域及目标函数构造的基础上,为解决已有的基于网格搜索思想寻优的算法存在的多解、局部最优解及运算量过大等问题,提出了一种利用粒子群优化算法在约束域内对目标函数值寻优达到定轨目的的新算法。对算法的性能进行了仿真验证。多次仿真结果表明:该算法大大降低了计算量,且有效地解决了目标函数多解和局部最优解问题,对目标定轨的精度与定轨算法的克拉美罗下限接近。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.