基于云模型的地空导弹武器假目标伪装效果评价

地空导弹武器假目标伪装效果评价中定性指标具有不确定性,云模型理论是定性概念与其定量表示之间的不确定性转换的数学工具,因此在构建地空导弹假目标伪装效果评价指标体系的基础上,提出基于云模型的假目标伪装效果评价方法,以解决评价指标的不确定性问题．通过实例的计算结果,验证了基于云模型的评价方法的可行性．研究结论表明应用云模型的评价结果具有直观性和科学性,该方法对伪装评价研究有一定的参考价值．     

阵地工程伪装方案的优化设计研究

本文基于对阵地工程伪装隐蔽效能影响因素的分析,建立阵地工程伪装方案的优化设计数学模型,探讨了优化与最优控制技术在工程伪装方案优化设计中的应用。     

军用机场阵地对抗不可预见作战的伪装策略

相对固定的军力部署会提前暴露军事意图。为避免此种情况，美军在2018年《国防战略报告》中提出要实现作战的不可预见性。未来美军不可预见的动态军事力量部署一定程度上增加了军事斗争准备难度。为提升军队机场阵地战场生存能力，有必要针对性地调整应对策略，增强对抗“不可预见作战”的能力。本文着眼军用机场阵地，从三个方面分析对抗不可预见作战的伪装策略：首先阐述不可预见作战的特点，其次分析在“不可预见作战”条件下，现有机场阵地在伪装方面的短板，最后提出对抗“不可预见作战”的伪装策略。通过分析认为，为对抗美军新的作战构想，军事机场阵地伪装策略应从战时应用调整为平战结合，应更加侧重平时的伪装训练和伪装工程建设。     

高技术战争条件下工程伪装的作用及可行性分析

本文分析了工程目标的暴露征候,论述了在现代战争条件下工程伪装的作用与可行性,提出了现代伪装是对付敌武器系统捕获攻击的重要手段的新概念,从而指出应积极开展工程伪装的研究与实践。     

精确打击下电子防空阵地伪装防护措施研究

本文在电子防空阵地防护需求的基础上,探讨了实施伪装防护时需要把握的问题,提出了针对电子防空阵地伪装防护几种措施,为提高电子防空阵地生存能力提供了一种有效的途径。     

伪装武器装备的几种方法及发展浅谈

伪装武器在现代防空作战中有重要意义，介绍了目前伪装武器装备的几种基本方法、各自的定义、优缺点，并结合实际说明伪装方法的应用，从中得出了一些有益的结论。     

伊拉克战争中的战场伪装

本文分析了伊拉克战争中敌对双方所采用的战场伪装技术与措施及其效果,分析论述了加强我军伪装技术创新研究、注重常规伪装技术的应用研究和创新、加强高素质伪装专业人才培养等方面的重要性与建议措施。     

基于RAGA-PPC和灰色理想点的阵地目标伪装效果评价

随着战争的信息化程度越来越高,对阵地目标采取积极的伪装措施显得越来越重要。在准确分析阵地目标暴露征候的基础上,根据影响阵地目标伪装效果的因素建立评价指标体系,采用RAGA-PPC模型确定评价指标的权重,依据灰色关联度和理想点法的组合模型对评价指标进行评价。最后,通过算例分析,利用该评价方法对阵地目标伪装效果进行了综合评价。     

目标热红外伪装分级及其伪装效果的定量评价

本文以热红外侦察系统的性能模型为基础,分析研究了热红外的伪装目标能见度与其伪装措施控制参数之间的定量关系,进而确定热红外伪装措施的分级标准和适应条件,利用热红外伪装目标能见度与安现概率的转换关系建立了热红外侦察条件下目标的发现概率模型,为目标热红外伪装效果定量评价提供了计算模式,以便输入各级伪装措施的技术控制参数,确定不同等级伪装措施的定量指标。     

便携式地空导弹抗击武装直升机作战效能研究

根据便携式地空导弹和武装直升机的基本性能指标,运用数学解析的方法,对某便携式地空导弹抗击武装直升机的作战效能进行了分析计算,并得出计算结果.从计算结果可以看出,作为抗击武器直升机的武器系统,某型便携式地空导弹具有较高的作战效能.同时,结合计算结果分析了影响作战效能发挥的主要因素,提出了提高便携式地空导弹抗击武装直升机作战效能的对策.     

Evaluation of infrared camouflage effectiveness via a multi-fractal method

This paper reports an alternative approach to the evaluation of infrared camouflage effectiveness via a multi-fractal method. By calculating multi-fractal spectra of the target region and the background re-gions in an infrared image, the spectrum shape features and the discrete Fréchet distances among these spectra were used to analyze the camouflage effectiveness of the target qualitatively and quantitatively, and the correlation coefficients of the spectra were further used as the index of camouflage effectiveness. It was found that the camouflaged target had better camouflage effectiveness than the target without camouflage in the same one background, and the same one camouflaged target had different camouflage effectiveness in different backgrounds. On the whole, the target matching well with its background had high camouflage effectiveness value. This approach can expand the application of multi-fractal theory in infrared camouflage technology, which should be useful for the research of infrared camouflage mate-rials, the design of camouflage patterns as well as the deployment of military equipment in battlefield.     

伪装和机动对野战指挥所生存能力影响定量研究

对在敌航空兵编队采用普通炸弹轰炸和精确制导武器攻击两种模式下,研究了我野战指挥所被毁伤的概率模型,并探讨了我野战指挥所采取伪装和机动措施后被毁伤概率的模型,最后利用模型分析计算了在采取伪装和机动措施情况下,我野战指挥所被毁伤的概率的变化规律,得到了比较合理、可靠的数据,验证了该模型的合理性,也为指挥员合理规划伪装和适时机动提供了数量依据。     

一种雷达波衰减型红外迷彩伪装遮障材料设计方案

伪装遮障以其伪装性能好、适应能力强、作业简单、携带方便而在现代战争中被广泛采用。在对遮障材料性能要求分析的基础上,提出了一种新型雷达波衰减型红外迷彩伪装遮障材料的设计方案。其在可见光、近红外、雷达波段均具有良好的反探测性能,可有效对抗现代高技术侦察手段和设施。     

伪装指数与生存能力的关系模型及求解

建立了战场伪装与系统生存能力的定量关系模型, 用其可以解析地计算系统被发现概率; 同时, 根据生存能力指标可以实现伪装指数的分解与合成, 为战场建设的总体规划提供依据     

A platform for initial testing of multiple camouflage patterns

The human visual system is still an important factor in military warfare; military personnel receive training on effective search strategies, and camouflage that can effectively conceal objects and personnel is a key component of a successful integrated survivability strategy. Previous methods of camouflage assessment have, amongst others, used psychophysics to generate distinctiveness metrics. However, the population from which the human observers are drawn is often not well defined, or necessarily appropriate. In this experiment we designed a new platform for testing multiple patterns based on a camouflaged object detection task, and investigate whether trained military observers perform better than civilians. We use a two-alternative forced choice paradigm, with participants searching images of woodland for a replica military helmet displaying Olive Green, Multi Terrain Pattern, US Marine Pattern or, as a conspicuous control, UN Peacekeeper Blue. Our data show that there is no difference in detection performance between the two observer groups but that there are clear differences in the effectiveness of the different helmet colour patterns in a temperate woodland environment. We conclude that when tasks involve very short stimulus presentation times, task-specific training has little effect on the success of target detection and thus this paradigm is particularly suitable for robust estimates of camouflage efficacy.     

MF-CFI: A fused evaluation index for camouflage patterns based on human visual perception

The evaluation index of camouflage patterns is important in the field of military application. It is the goal that researchers have always pursued to make the computable evaluation indicators more in line with the human visual mechanism. In order to make the evaluation method more computationally intelligent, a Multi-Feature Camouflage Fused Index (MF-CFI) is proposed based on the comparison of grayscale, color and texture features between the target and the background. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed index, eye movement experiments are conducted to compare the proposed index with existing indexes including Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI), Camouflage Similarity Index (CSI) and Structural Similarity (SSIM). Twenty-four different simulated targets are designed in a grassland background, 28 observers participate in the experiment and record the eye movement data during the observation process. The results show that the highest Pearson correlation coefficient is observed between MF-CFI and the eye movement data, both in the designed digital camouflage patterns and large-spot camouflage patterns. Since MF-CFI is more in line with the detection law of camouflage targets in human visual perception, the proposed index can be used for the comparison and parameter optimization of camouflage design algorithms.     

Improvement of VIS and IR camouflage properties by impregnating cotton fabric with PVB/IF-WS2

In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral), PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide, PVB/IF-WS₂. FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS₂ with PVB and the fabric. The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum. Diffuse reflection, specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades (black, brown and dark green). Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum. The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS₂ impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties, i.e. that IF-WS₂ have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.     

Background dominant colors extraction method based on color image quick fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm

A quick and accurate extraction of dominant colors of background images is the basis of adaptive camouflage design. This paper proposes a Color Image Quick Fuzzy C-Means (CIQFCM) clustering algorithm based on clustering spatial mapping. First, the clustering sample space was mapped from the image pixels to the quantized color space, and several methods were adopted to compress the amount of clustering samples. Then, an improved pedigree clustering algorithm was applied to obtain the initial class centers. Finally, CIQFCM clustering algorithm was used for quick extraction of dominant colors of background image. After theoretical analysis of the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm, several experiments were carried out to discuss the selection of proper quantization intervals and to verify the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm. The results indicated that the value of quantization intervals should be set to 4, and the proposed algorithm could improve the clustering efficiency while maintaining the clustering effect. In addition, as the image size increased from 128 × 128 to 1024 × 1024, the efficiency improvement of CIQFCM algorithm was increased from 6.44 times to 36.42 times, which demonstrated the significant advantage of CIQFCM algorithm in dominant colors extraction of large-size images.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。