面向对象软件测试

探讨面向对象软件的测试过程和方法,主要研究了类的测试和集成测试。     

基于类成员后向切片的面向对象程序回归测试

程序切片是一种重要的程序分析方法,类成员级粒度的切片技术目前仅仅有Tip提出的类层次切片技术.Tip提出的类层次切片技术其分析基础是Rossie-Friedman的类层次框架,但主要用于面向对象程序的优化,并不适用于回归测试.本文基于Rossie-Friedman的类层次框架提出类成员后向切片方法,并提出一个覆盖类的方法一级的回归测试策略.     

面向对象的软件测试

本文结合面向对象软件的具体特点和工程实践,给出了面向对象软件测试的内容:类测试、类簇测试和系统测试。最后,给出了面向对象软件的测试策略。     

测试能力评价与测试平台建设

测试能力成熟度模型(TMM)是衡量测试过程成熟度的模型。文中对TMM与CMM进行了比较,给出了TMM评估模型的符号表示和测试能力等级评估算法,并以TMM 2级为例提供了测试平台的建设方案以及改进方案.     

面向对象软件测试的策略

简要介绍了面向对象中的类、继承、封装等机制给软件测试带来的影响,分析了面向对象测试的特殊性,最后探讨了面向对象软件测试的层次和各层测试中采取的策略。     

汇编语言的单元测试技术研究

汇编语言具有非结构化、非标准化、硬件相关性高、灵活性极大等特性,单元测试难度较大.针对汇编语言的特点,论述了汇编语言单元测试过程中功能测试、结构覆盖率测试和性能测试的方法和步骤.     

铁路区间信号系统测试评估平台——信号设备与列车运行仿真研究

铁路区间信号系统测试评估平台是对铁路区间列车运行安全控制和防护系统进行可靠性、安全性测试及评估的平台.区间信号设备与列车运行仿真子系统是平台的一个子系统,它为平台提供了一个虚拟的现场环境.采用面向对象技术和离散事件仿真技术对仿真子系统进行了研究.详细地阐述了信号设备及列车的仿真模型、设计和仿真算法,并给出仿真实例,满足平台对仿真子系统地要求.     

C3I仿真测试系统的可视化技术

作为C3I仿真系统的重要组成部分,目前指控信息及战场实时状态信息的可视化已在大多数C3I仿真系统中得到一定程度的实现.对C3I仿真测试系统的系统组成和数据结构做了简要的介绍,并根据对C3I仿真测试系统以及其中仿真测试数据特点的研究,分析了仿真测试系统的可视化范围,主要对系统拓扑可视化、仿真测试过程可视化和仿真测试结果可视化进行了分析研究,并对需要解决关键技术问题进行了比较深入的分析探讨,同时提出C3I仿真测试系统的一种可视化解决方案.     

电子对抗装备软件的测试策略与方法

在阐述了电子对抗装备软件特点的基础上,对研制电子对抗装备软件过程中的测试策略与方法进行了初步的研究,并对在实施测试过程中的几个问题进行了探讨.     

复杂系统使用保障测试性设计方法初探--故障设备影响分析及其应用

分析了复杂系统使用保障测试性设计方法的技术背景,系统战备状态的含义、重要性和描述方法;重点探讨了系统设备级(初始约定层次)故障设备对系统分系统战备状态影响进行分析的有效方法。并以某防空导弹武器系统为例,介绍如何利用功能分析法具体解决复杂系统使用保障测试的可测性、可控制性和可观察性等工程化设计问题。推荐一组实用的系统/分系统战备状态(正常/降级/故障)判定逻辑运算数学模型和基层级综合保障(使用保障+维修保障)计划流程图。     

基于扩展状态机的资源泄漏检测方法

基于扩展状态机对资源泄漏故障进行描述，给出了资源泄漏缺陷状态机，定义了缺陷的状态、状态迁移图和状态转换表。设计和实现了资源泄漏检测算法。该算法在对控制流进行遍历的过程中，按照资源泄漏缺陷状态机给出的转换条件进行状态计算，如果计算结果为故障，则报告1个资源泄漏故障。应用该算法对大型开源软件进行测试，发现多个资源泄漏故障。测试结果表明：该算法具有测试效率高和误报率低等特点。     

Approximation algorithms for sequential batch‐testing of series systems

We introduce and study a generalization of the classic sequential testing problem, asking to identify the correct state of a given series system that consists of independent stochastic components. In this setting, costly tests are required to examine the state of individual components, which are sequentially tested until the correct system state can be uniquely identified. The goal is to propose a policy that minimizes the expected testing cost, given a‐priori probabilistic information on the stochastic nature of each individual component. Unlike the classic setting, where variables are tested one after the other, we allow multiple tests to be conducted simultaneously, at the expense of incurring an additional set‐up cost. The main contribution of this article consists in showing that the batch testing problem can be approximated in polynomial time within factor , for any fixed . In addition, we explain how, in spite of its highly nonlinear objective function, the batch testing problem can be formulated as an approximate integer program of polynomial size, while blowing up its expected cost by a factor of at most . Finally, we conduct extensive computational experiments, to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of these algorithms as well as to evaluate their limitations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 275–286, 2016     

Screening multi-dimensional heterogeneous populations for infectious diseases under scarce testing resources,with application to COVID-19

Testing provides essential information for managing infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When testing resources are scarce, an important managerial decision is who to test. This decision is compounded by the fact that potential testing subjects are heterogeneous in multiple dimensions that are important to consider, including their likelihood of being disease-positive, and how much potential harm would be averted through testing and the subsequent interventions. To increase testing coverage, pooled testing can be utilized, but this comes at a cost of increased false-negatives when the test is imperfect. Then, the decision problem is to partition the heterogeneous testing population into three mutually exclusive sets: those to be individually tested, those to be pool tested, and those not to be tested. Additionally, the subjects to be pool tested must be further partitioned into testing pools, potentially containing different numbers of subjects. The objectives include the minimization of harm (through detection and mitigation) or maximization of testing coverage. We develop data-driven optimization models and algorithms to design pooled testing strategies, and show, via a COVID-19 contact tracing case study, that the proposed testing strategies can substantially outperform the current practice used for COVID-19 contact tracing (individually testing those contacts with symptoms). Our results demonstrate the substantial benefits of optimizing the testing design, while considering the multiple dimensions of population heterogeneity and the limited testing capacity.     

测试点的选取问题

在故障检测的过程中 ,每个测试点检测需要的时间可能不同。本文研究了如何选取一些测试点 ,使得这些测试点可以检测所有故障 ,而所需时间最少的问题。我们将其转化成整数规划问题 ,并给出一个求解算法 .最后给出一个实例对算法加以说明。     

Development programs for one‐shot systems using multiple‐state design reliability models

Design reliability at the beginning of a product development program is typically low, and development costs can account for a large proportion of total product cost. We consider how to conduct development programs (series of tests and redesigns) for one‐shot systems (which are destroyed at first use or during testing). In rough terms, our aim is to both achieve high final design reliability and spend as little of a fixed budget as possible on development. We employ multiple‐state reliability models. Dynamic programming is used to identify a best test‐and‐redesign strategy and is shown to be presently computationally feasible for at least 5‐state models. Our analysis is flexible enough to allow for the accelerated stress testing needed in the case of ultra‐high reliability requirements, where testing otherwise provides little information on design reliability change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

可靠性强化试验与加速寿命试验综述

介绍可靠性强化试验与加速寿命试验的基本概念 ,并进一步综述强化试验与加速寿命试验的国内外研究现状 ,最后对强化试验与加速寿命试验领域可能的研究方向进行归纳总结。     

软件测试方法综述

论述了软件测试技术近几年来研究的最新成果。包括软件的故障模型、白盒测试技术、黑盒测试技术、人工测试技术、可靠性测试技术和测试性设计技术等。以作为对近十几年来软件测试技术发展的总结,还初步的探讨了软件测试技术今后的发展。     

航空发动机叶片的内窥涡流集成化原位检测

目前内窥检测是航空发动机叶片原位检测的唯一方法,但是内窥检测对于叶片裂纹缺陷的检测效果不理想.为此,提出内窥涡流集成化检测技术,使这两种方法的优势互补,实现对航空发动机叶片的原位检测.研制了一种可用于航空发动机叶片原位检测的内窥涡流集成化检测探头,给出了航空发动机叶片的检测实例.检测结果表明:内窥涡流集成化检测技术的缺陷检测能力高,并且可以实现对裂纹缺陷的定量评估,因此较单一的内窥检测更有优越性.具有很高的实际应用价值.     

某型车载导弹发射制导装置现场快速检测方法

某型装甲车载反坦克导弹系统的发射制导装置，集光、机、电多种技术于一体，技术状态易受装载、运输等因素的影响。在导弹射击前，一般应在现场对发射制导装置进行快速检测以确定其技术状态。为了解决现场快速检测问题，分析了该型导弹系统发射制导装置的结构和技术特点，确定了现场快速检测的内容：用点光源的电视图像检测两个光轴不平度；用电压比较法检测点火电压和点火程序正确性；用指令频率变化检测控制指令正确性。开发了适于现场快速检测的装置，为部队射击保障提供了一种决策支持方法。