摩步师(团)反空袭作战空中威胁评估

运用定量和定性分析相结合的方法,对摩步师(团)战斗行动中面临的空中威胁进行了分析,提出了评估的方法和步骤,建立了评估模型,并结合实例对评估方法、步骤、模型进行了分析验证.实例计算表明,该方法的判断结果预见性好、可靠性强,对未来摩步师(团)反空袭作战有一定的现实意义.     

空袭数字化程度的评估模型

空袭兵器的迅速发展,使空袭样式随之改变,评估空袭的标准也悄然变化,数字化正成为未来空袭的主要特征.采用模糊数学方法对一次空袭的数字化程度进行评估,给出了一个可行、方便的算法.模型对空袭的数字化程度进行等级划分,并以北约空袭南联盟的实际战斗为例进行分析,证明模型是可行的.     

空袭目标威胁动态评估SPA法

针对防空作战中空袭目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种动态评估SPA(Set Pair Analysis)法.依据防空作战特点,构建了空袭目标威胁动态评估指标体系;在利用熵权理论确定评估指标主观权重以及AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)法确定客观权重的基础上,运用最小二乘优化模型确定评估指标的综合权重;并在评估指标更新时刻权重的基础上,利用集对分析理论对空袭目标威胁程度进行评判.实例表明,该方法能够有效解决空袭目标威胁评估问题,为指挥决策提供一定的依据.     

基于BP神经化贝叶斯网络的空袭目标毁伤效果评估

针对空袭目标毁伤因素的复杂多样性,以及贝叶斯网络在评估时对先验知识获取和对网络节点限制方面存在的不足,提出一种BP神经化贝叶斯网络的评估方法,解决空袭目标的毁伤问题。分析了空袭目标毁伤的影响因素,并进行了知识表示;分析了贝叶斯网络结构处理多个父节点问题时存在的几个缺陷,建立了空袭目标毁伤评估的BP神经化网络结构,给出了"BP神经化模块"的决策方法。通过实例分析,结合Netica仿真,验证了该评估方法的准确性,操作简单、有效性好。     

基于遗传算法的电子对抗作战实验寻优方法

作战仿真实验是评估电子对抗作战效能的理想方法,但在方案寻优时却面临实验方案"组合爆炸"的困难。对此,提出了将遗传算法引入作战实验寻优过程的求解思路。简要介绍了电子对抗作战仿真系统;分析了电子对抗作战方案拟制一般流程,建立了电子对抗作战方案优化模型,并给出了结合遗传算法和作战实验对其进行求解的原理和步骤;通过空袭作战电子对抗方案寻优的实例验证了方法的有效性。结果显示,本方法能够极大地提高寻优效率。     

基于修正核函数的支持向量机空袭目标威胁评估

为提高空袭目标威胁评估的准确性,在分析目标威胁评估特点的基础上,提出了一种基于修正核函数的支持向量机空袭目标威胁评估方法.该方法以黎曼几何为理论依据,通过构造一种新的保角变换,并利用该保角变换对核函数进行修正,可提高支持向量机用于空袭目标威胁评估的精度.通过实例仿真与标准支持向量机方法进行比较,说明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于集对分析的敌空袭兵器主要来袭方向判断

基于集对分析理论,提出敌空袭兵器主要来袭方向的判断模型。通过建立待评估方案决策矩阵,构造理想方案;运用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,形成待评估方案和理想方案联系矩阵;对各项指标值与其相应权重系数线性叠加合成,以同一度大小对备选方案排序选优,为敌空袭兵器主要来袭方向判断提供简单、实用的评价方法。最后,实例分析验证说明了该方法的准确可行。     

地空导弹战术单位作战能力评估方法建模研究

采用仿真试验台方法对战术单位作战能力进行评估研究。该方法将人、硬件置于环路中,其结果具有很高的可信度。提出了评估指标体系,建立了测试与评估试验台,其中包括空袭模型、测量误差模型、评估算法模型等,并在此基础上通过模拟典型空袭模式给出部分评估结果。     

粗糙集和区间数空袭目标威胁评估

针对现有空袭目标威胁评估方法存在的不足,提出了一种新的基于粗糙集和区间数的空袭目标威胁评估方法.首先建立了空袭目标威胁评估指标体系,给出了指标值为区间数且指标权重完全未知的指标权重计算步骤,克服了以往指标权重确定的主观性.建立了应用粗糙集和区间数评估空袭目标威胁的数学模型.提出了威胁评估指标的离散化区间,并应用粗糙集理...     

海军反空袭作战研究

AAW(反空袭作战)是一个有宽扩展频谱的作战领域,指挥与控制系统、传感器、电子战被综合在一个系统中,它们相互影响并最终达到有效协同行动。这种复杂性要求有“作战研究”方法来评估其有效性并支持开发和采购决策。在本文中,作者描述了“西罗兹”模型和它在海军反空袭作战研究中的应用。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.