一种新的雷达恒虚警(CFAR) 处理器

如何维持雷达检测系统恒定的虚警率是现代雷达技术和信号处理技术中重要的问题之一。为使雷达检测系统在复杂的杂波环境中获得恒定的虚警率,就需要有高性能的恒虚警(CFAR)处理器。本文提出的新型CFAR 处理器选择一个与被检测距离单元的值相接近的均值来作为CFAR 的门限,从而使这种处理器具有能够及时反映外部杂波环境变化的自适应性;它硬件实现简单,具有很好的抗多目标效应、抗杂波边缘效应、抗大目标“吃”小目标效应以及降低(CFAR)损失的性能。     

MTD雷达抗干扰性能分析

在分析了MTD雷达工作特点和工作原理的基础上,详细讨论了MTD雷达的抗干扰性能.首先,将MTD系统分解成MTI滤波器和多普勒滤波器的级联系统,在分别讨论各分系统抗干扰性能的基础上,给出了MTD雷达的抗杂波干扰改善因子的定量计算方法.然后,根据MTD雷达系统的特点,详细分析了MTD雷达抗有源干扰能力,并且在分析的基础上得出了抗有源干扰改善因子的计算方法.     

全自动火炮防空系统雷达仿真建模

本文介绍了如何通过建立火控雷达的仿真模型以解决下面两个问题:1.火控雷达抗电子干扰的性能描述;2.全自动火控雷达的工作过程描述和判决准则的建立。这个模型可以用来考察现有火控雷达的性能以及规划未来的发展。     

火控雷达抗欺骗干扰性能评估指标与仿真

在现代战争中,火控雷达在火力控制系统中发挥着至关重要的作用,其抗欺骗干扰性能的优劣对于雷达整体性能乃至整个武器系统效能有着重要影响。当前,对于雷达抗欺骗性干扰效果评估的研究相对较少。在这样的背景下,探讨了适用于火控雷达距离欺骗干扰性能评估的指标测试方法。结合对火控雷达的特点和欺骗干扰过程的分析,确定了抗欺骗干扰成功率评估指标和欺骗干扰信号模型,然后通过仿真对不同拖引速度下的雷达抗干扰能力进行了评估。结果表明,抗欺骗干扰成功率适合用来衡量火控雷达抗欺骗性干扰的性能,仿真中的指标测试方法对于研究现役火控雷达的抗欺骗干扰能力有一定的参考价值。     

末制导雷达抗干扰性能评估系统工程实现

噪声干扰是现代电子对抗中对付雷达的主要干扰形式之一。在压制式噪声干扰下,制导雷达无法提取目标角度等信息,使雷达失去工作能力。现代雷达工作者采用多种方法已研制出多种抗压制干扰的雷达。为了验证雷达的抗干扰性能,一套工程上易于实现的、实用性强的雷达压制干扰系统成为抗压制干扰雷达生产应用的必要检验手段。     

空中霸王机载预警

索恩EMI电子设备公司声称它的空中霸王是多模上视/下视雷达,该雷达在完成机载预警和潜艇侦察任务的能力方面是独一无二的。根据索恩EMI的介绍,在潜艇侦察任务中的几百小时期间内,研制的标准雷达已验证了它的远距离探测和抗杂波能力。目前,公司重新推敲了与机载预警任务有关的各个方面,并期望1989年夏完成研制工作。     

舰载有源相控阵雷达的发展现状

有源相控阵雷达是一种致力于达到真正多功能的雷达系统,它适应环境和实时安排任务先后次序的能力,使它在对付目前威胁和未来威胁方面所具有的作战性能水平,要远高于普通雷达所能达到的水平。经过多年的开发研究,这种多功能雷达系统已在多个国家的多艘舰艇上安装使用。     

一种反辐射导弹抗低截获概率雷达关机的被动定位方法

针对反辐射导弹与雷达的攻防对抗形势,详尽阐释了目前反辐射导弹(ARM)抗雷达关机的主要手段及其核心原理,仔细分析了脉冲体制雷达的跟踪扫描机制、低截获概率(LPI)雷达的工作特点以及反辐射导弹被动雷达导引头的基本工作原理,由此归结出反辐射导弹在应对低截获概率雷达时制导信息的特性,然后首次提出了一种基于灰色理论的被动定位方法,并在考虑雷达跟踪扫描模型和被动雷达导引头检测模型的情况下通过数学仿真验证它具有较好的抗低截获概率雷达关机能力,落地点的圆概率误差仅在6.40m左右。     

防空组网雷达“四抗”能力综合评估

为正确评估防空组网雷达"四抗"能力,结合雷达组网的因素分析,建立了组网雷达系统层次结构模型,并利用层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,用最优指标法得出指标层的得分值,提出了组网雷达"四抗"综合能力量化评估方法.其评估结果在一定程度上为组网雷达性能优化提供了决策依据.     

雷达干扰效能评估指标体系的构建方法

建立合理的干扰效能评估指标体系是实现雷达干扰效能综合评估的前提,首先分析了影响雷达干扰效能的要素,提出了一种由雷达受到干扰后的战术性能变化、干扰机主要战术性能参数和电磁环境因素建立雷达干扰效能评估指标集的方法。然后应用粗糙集属性约简算法对该指标集进行约简,删除了冗余属性,并对约简后的指标体系进行了有效性检验。仿真结果表明,该指标体系具有较好的完备性和独立性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.