振动矩形机翼非线性绕流数值研究

发展了可用于模拟包含运动边界的非定常流动的数值方法。该方法采用非结构动网格技术并构造了一种MUSCL类型有限体积格式,求解考虑了动网格效应的三维非定常Euler方程。非结构网格的变形运动由弹簧近似技术实现。用上述方法计算了作正弦振动的矩形机翼非线性绕流,计算结果与实验结果吻合,得到了流体运动与固体运动耦合的非线性流动特性。计算表明,该数值方法具有较好的精度和可靠性,完全可用于气动弹性或其他流固耦合问题的数值模拟。     

激波诱导异质气体界面失稳的数值模拟

基于二维N-S方程,利用有限差分数值离散方法,对激波诱导异质气体界面失稳的现象进行了数值模拟,与文献中实验结果和计算结果进行了定性比较,并进一步分析了整个流动的非定常动态变化特性和非线性特征.研究表明,本文数值模拟的非定常流场图谱与文献中的实验结果和数值结果吻合较好;数值结果捕捉到了六氟化硫界面的演变过程及流场中复杂的波系结构.     

平面运动激波绕障碍物流动的非结构Euler解

用三角形非结构网格及有限体积法求解Euler方程 ,对运动激波跨越不同截面形状的二维障碍物绕流进行了数值模拟。计算结果给出了不同时刻各流场的复杂结构 ,该结构与实验结果一致。计算表明用非结构算法模拟复杂外形绕流具有简单、准确的特点 ,并能避免尖角处非物理结果的产生     

导弹一体化外形设计升阻特性数值研究

采用非结构六面体网格,以数值模拟为主要手段,对弹体外流场和进气道内流场一体化内外流动进行计算研究.通过对典型飞行状态的数值计算,研究了进气道外形对升阻特性的影响,得出了一些重要结论,并基于此结论改进了导弹升阻比.     

混合尺寸目标电磁计算的时域伪谱/有限体积混合方法

针对单一算法对混合尺寸目标进行时域电磁分析的困难,提出一种时域伪谱(PSTD)同时域有限体积(FVTD)混合方法。FVTD可方便地分析复杂的几何结构和材料,但是难以计算电大尺寸的目标,PSTD则特别适合计算电大尺寸的规则结构,但在模拟复杂的几何结构尤其是带有曲边结构以及电大、电小共存结构时存在困难。混合方法克服了单独算法的缺点,融合各自的优势,提高了算法的求解能力和应用范围。为了减小两种算法连接边界带来的反射,采用了FVTD计算面均值的二次函数重构方法,给出了交叠网格和非交叠网格两种混合方案。数值试验表明,混合方法有较高的精度,具有时域分析混合尺寸目标电磁问题的能力。     

面向复杂几何模型的多级并行四面体网格生成算法

高性能计算机的快速发展为数值模拟提供了必需的硬件环境,数值模拟领域对网格的需求已高达数十亿到数百亿量级,而网格生成作为数值模拟的重要一环,其发展则相对滞后,很难满足并行数值模拟求解器对大规模网格的需求。本文面向复杂几何模型提出一种多级并行四面体网格生成算法,该算法首先基于模型的几何特征建立网格的尺寸场,并基于尺寸场和几何实体间的邻接关系对几何实体进行分组,将分组后的几何实体分配到不同的计算节点,在计算节点间采用前沿推进法实现三角形面网格的并行生成,然后在计算节点内对三角形面网格进行二级区域分解,将分解后的子网格分配到各进程中,最后在进程内采用多线程并行方法实现四面体网格的并行生成。通过实际应用三峡大坝模型进行验证,该算法具有良好的并行效率和可扩展性,可以在数千处理器核上实现十亿规模高质量四面体网格的并行生成。     

高超声速飞行器前缘流-热-固一体化计算

针对高超声速流动气动加热与结构传热的复杂耦合问题,探索和研究基于有限体积法的高超声速流-热-固一体化求解方法,将流场与结构温度场进行统一建模与数值模拟。该方法避开了传统气动加热和结构传热耦合求解方法在时间域内进行流场与结构温度场耦合交替迭代计算所带来的大量数据交换与计算,将流场与结构温度场作为一个物理场,采用统一的控制方程进行求解。采用典型高超声速绕流二维圆管稳态或非稳态流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证,稳态时圆管驻点温度最高达到648 K,非稳态时的热流密度和结构温度与参考文献和实验值吻合较好,由此证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。与耦合计算方法的对比分析结果表明:该一体化求解方法所得计算结果更接近实验值,并且计算量和网格依赖性都相对较小,具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,能为高超声速飞行器一体化热防护设计提供有效的理论和技术支撑。     

几何约束的改进弹性体网格变形方法研究及应用

针对现有弹性体网格变形方法无法有效抑制网格单元出现"负体积"和过度畸变等问题,引入体积弹性模量约束和挤压弹性模量约束,提出一种基于几何约束的改进弹性体法。借助Patrick网格质量参数,选取三维长方体边界在旋转、平移和伸展变形三种方式下的大幅度运动,对比研究引入几何约束后的改进效果。仿真计算二维NACA0012翼型的俯仰振荡和三维伸缩翼变形过程的气动特性,结果表明:基于几何约束的改进弹性体法显著提高了变形网格的鲁棒性,尤其在大变形时能够有效约束较差网格单元,改善经典方法存在的问题,可为非定常流场问题的求解提供有力支撑。     

凝结水泵三维流场数值模拟与分析

为深入理解和分析电站凝结水泵性能,采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对其内部复杂的三维流场进行了数值模拟与分析.首先,建立了某三级凝结水泵各部件几何模型,并对其进行网格划分.通过求解RANS方程对凝结水泵内部三维流场进行数值求解,湍流流动采用SST模型进行模拟.计算得到该泵若干工况下的扬程和功率等性能参数和泵内部流动特征,计算结果与试验数据吻合很好.模拟结果及分析表明:采用CFD方法模拟结构复杂的凝结水泵内部流动和进行性能预报是可行的.通过内流场分析还发现导叶体等部件的设计有可改进之处.     

非结构动网格分区并行计算方法

针对包含运动边界的非定常流动问题,基于弹簧近似法设计了一套非结构动网格分区并行计算流程,引入了METIS软件进行非结构网格二次剖分,研究了对接边界通信类型及其处理方法,基于消息传递并行编程模式实现了非结构动网格求解器的并行化。测试结果表明:该求解器具有较高的并行效率,网格变形模块对非结构动网格并行计算性能具有重要影响。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.