增量比例导引弹道仿真研究

通过引入附加增量,对传统的比例导引方法进行改进。建立了增量比例导引方法的数学模型,运用Matlab语言进行仿真计算,分析了不同的比例导引系数、附加增量对导引弹道及导弹与目标相遇时间的影响,得到不同导引系数及附加增量下的弹道曲线和弹目相遇时间,仿真结果表明与传统的比例导引方法相比,在比例导引系数不变的情况下,选择合适的附加增量可以减少导弹与目标的相遇时间。     

导弹最优制导律弹道仿真分析

根据导弹仿真数据,绘制可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道曲线。给出了比例导引法的差分方程,建立了比例导引法的三维弹道仿真模型。在对比例导引法进行三维弹道仿真的基础上,分别对增量比例导引、基于二次型的最优制导律和考虑动态特性的二次型最优制导律进行了三维弹道仿真,绘制出了可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道,计算了导弹与目标的遭遇时间,并对结果进行了比较分析。最后得出考虑弹体动态特性的二次型最优制导律具有最优性。     

三维比例导引弹道建模方法研究

基于比例导引弹道的自身规律,运用坐标变换方法,选取合适的坐标系,建立了导弹按比例导引法拦截空中目标的模型,并在信息处理环节中加入导航误差、导弹控制误差、导弹观测误差和目标观测误差等,实现三维比例导引弹道的仿真.仿真结果表明,所建立的模型比较符合实际情况,可直观地显示比例导引弹道特性.     

超音速反舰导弹拦截策略仿真

为了研究舰空导弹对超音速反舰导弹的拦截效果,首先建立了真比例导引舰空导弹的三维矢量拦截模型,在分析反舰导弹弹道特点的基础上,分别建立了其在巡航段、机动段、比例导引段和跃升俯冲段的三维弹道模型,然后仿真了舰空导弹对处于上述四个阶段的反舰导弹的拦截弹道,对比分析了不同阶段目标机动对舰空导弹过载性能的要求,以及对脱靶量的影响。结果表明,拦截机动段和跃升俯冲段难度要比另外两个阶段更大,如果时间允许最好在巡航段和比例导引段进行拦截。     

超前修正导引规律弹道仿真分析

为了提高红外被动寻的防空导弹命中目标的精度,建立了导弹超前修正导引规律的数学模型和仿真模型,并对模型进行分析,得出此规律能确实使导弹改变飞行姿态、实现导弹弹道前向偏移的结论。超前修正导引规律是对经典比例导引规律的修正和提升,更好地满足了红外被动寻的防空导弹的性能指标和命中精度要求。     

一种改进的扩展比例导引律及其仿真

针对比例导引制导导弹攻击机动目标阶段,系统状态可观测性弱的问题,在扩展比例导引律的基础上提出了一种改进方法。该方法形式简单,易于工程实现。建立了弹目相对运动模型,基于被动跟踪的可观测性理论建立了可观测性指标,并对改进的比例导引的可观测性进行理论分析,采用MATLAB语言,对改进比例导引法的理想弹道进行了仿真,绘制出随导弹与目标参数变化的三维图像,对理想弹道的特性进行了分析。仿真结果表明,这种改进的比例导引是合理有效的,与扩展比例导引相比,该制导律能够明显提高制导过程中的可观测性,增强弹上跟踪滤波器的效果。     

防空导弹平均速度分析

分析了防空导弹平均速度的计算方法。首先给出了水面舰艇编队防空作战中目指线和自卫线的计算模型,阐述了防空导弹平均速度在其中的重要影响,然后分析了防空导弹速度特性,在此基础上得出满足作战要求的计算方法,最后根据典型弹道参数对防空导弹平均速度进行了仿真计算。     

反辐射导弹对水面舰艇作战末端弹道分析

针对反辐射导弹对水面舰艇的作战问题,基于比例导引规律,建立了反辐射导弹末端弹道模型并进行了仿真分析。考虑到实际中反辐射导弹控制电路的延迟以及最大过载的限制,对比例导引规律进行了修正。以水面舰艇的搜索雷达为攻击目标,研究了低数据率条件下反辐射导弹的末端弹道轨迹以及末端弹道的需用过载。仿真结果表明,测角噪声、控制电路的延迟和低数据率导致了反辐射导弹脱靶量的增大。最后以蒙特卡罗实验,分析了脱靶距离的数值以及测角噪声、控制电路的延迟和低数据率对脱靶量的影响程度。     

反向设计方法在防空导弹中的应用研究

对反向设计方法在防空导弹中的应用进行初步探讨。重点讨论了导弹总体、气动以及动力系统之间的关系。针对国外典型防空导弹,建立了反向设计模型,结合弹道仿真研究了国外典型防空导弹的战技指标、关键技术以及发展趋势。     

带末端机动的导弹再入段拦截问题研究

针对带末端具机动的导弹再入段特点,运用空气动力学理论探索导弹再入段拦截问题.首先通过分析,得到来袭导弹弹道轨迹.其次,根据来袭导弹的不同特点,分别设计了含滑动平均的比例导引律迭代算法和变比例导引律迭代算法,得到了在不同算法下的拦截仿真模型.使用Matlab进行模拟仿真研究,与传统比例算法下的拦截效果相比较,该算法不仅在末端不机动条件下,而且在末端带机动甚至复杂机动时,能够更精确地拦截目标,较好地满足了防御作战中的导弹拦截需求.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.