实现C3I系统互操作性的体系结构

指出了互操作性是现代战争对C3I系统的基本要求,体系结构是保障所开发的C3I系统满足军事需求的机制.着重论述了为实现C3I系统的互操作性,在开发体系结构时所应遵循的指导原则.     

C3I系统的体系结构及其研究领域

体系结构的建立是C3I系统工程的重要组成部分.本文界定了C3I系统体系结构的概念,明确了体系结构在C3I系统开发中的作用;从体系结构开发方法、体系结构支持环境和体系结构评价方法等三个方面论述了C3I体系结构的研究领域及现状.     

基于UML的C3I系统的体系结构开发方法

体系结构的建立是C3I系统工程的重要组成部分 ,面向对象是C3I系统体系结构开发的最有前途的方法之一。在对C3I系统的体系结构和统一建模语言 (UML)进行研究的基础上 ,本文着重论述了基于UML的C3I系统的体系结构开发方法     

舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战仿真模型

编队的对空防御作战是影响编队整体战斗力发挥的主要因素之一.根据舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战的组织特点和决策特性,讨论了C3I系统对空防御作战仿真过程中模型的体系结构,确立了C3I系统对空防御作战的需求,并进行了相关模型的开发,分析了美海军舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战仿真模型发展现状,对舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战辅助决策仿真软件的开发有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于AUML的巡航导弹C3I系统体系结构分析

面向Agent方法是很有前途的C3I系统体系结构分析方法.提出了对C3I系统体系结构进行Agent组织、Agent和Agent内部三个层次分析的基本方法.采用AUML(Agent统一建模语言)并对其进行扩展,对巡航导弹C3I系统进行了面向Agent组织的分析建模:建立用例模型描述系统需求;用Agent组织类图描述系统静态结构;用顺序图或协作图描述Agent组织之间的交互;用活动图描述Agent组织的工作流程和并发行为.     

HLA在C3I系统仿真试验中的应用

采用系统仿真结合实装试验的方法构建仿真试验环境,是实现对C3I系统全面而系统的评估的必要手段.而这种与实装结合的仿真试验环境如何构建,采用什么样的体系结构是目前迫切需要解决的问题.在总结C3I系统仿真试验的特点以及高层体系结构(LHA)主要思想的基础上,提出了基于HLA的C3I系统仿真试验环境建设方法,为C3I系统试验的实施提供了一种新思路.     

以数据为中心的C~4ISR系统体系结构开发方法

体系结构开发方法研究是当前C4ISR系统体系结构技术研究的一个热点,在总结现有相关问题的基础上,提出了以数据为中心的C4ISR系统体系结构开发方法的定义,并提出了该方法的开发过程.将体系结构开发分为初始化、数据分析、数据设计和数据验证四个阶段,并详细说明了各个阶段主要完成的任务及其常用的方法.最后对以数据为中心的体系结构开发方法的发展进行了总结和展望.     

基于HLA/RTI的炮兵指挥系统仿真设计与开发

HLA高级体系结构作为新一代分布式仿真技术标准,解决了仿真系统中的可重用和互操作性问题,在C3I系统仿真领域有着十分广泛的应用。分析了C3I系统仿真的可行性和必要性,简要介绍了HLA高级体系结构的技术规范,提出了一种基于HLA/RTI的能与实践相接的、易于扩展的炮兵指挥系统仿真框架,并依据联邦开发与执行过程模型(FEDEP)给出了该系统的设计与开发过程。     

基于UML和IDEF的装备保障C3I系统体系结构建模研究

UML和IDEF模型对复杂系统体系结构的分析具有重要价值.根据装备保障C3I系统的特点,对其体系结构进行了深入研究,通过建立系统功能模型、IDEF1X对象静态模型以及UML动态交互模型,从不同侧面较完整地描述了装备保障C3I系统体系结构框架,并提出了相应的物理实现模型,对复杂系统的建模具有一定的理论和实际意义.     

基于BPMN的作战视图辅助设计方法

体系结构设计在C4ISR系统开发中越来越受到重视.由于目前体系结构设计主要是依据DOD体系结构框架,体系结构产品是框架最基本的表现形式,因此,体系结构产品设计是体系结构设计中的一个关键问题.在深入研究BPMN的基础上,提出了基于BPMN的作战视图辅助设计方法,建立了企业过程图与作战视图产品OV5、OV6的转换关系.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.