全球卫星导航系统自主导航完好性隔离算法

全球卫星导航系统在自主导航工作模式下,为了保持星座系统的稳定,保证系统的完好性,需要对故障卫星进行及时可靠的隔离。因此提出一种基于星间链路的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)自主完好性隔离算法,分析全球卫星导航系统故障判别方式,设计了基于星间链路的故障隔离流程,提出了基于星间测距误差和判别的故障检测及隔离算法。仿真结果表明,基于星间链路的GNSS自主完好性隔离算法,可以有效隔离故障卫星,保持星座自主导航精度,并且算法实现复杂度较小,易于工程实现。     

一种新的卫星导航星间链路测距体制及其定轨性能分析

现有的GPS星间链路轮询时分测距体制未针对定轨性能进行优化。对轮询时分测距体制进行改进,提出了一种新的分组时分测距体制,通过对整星座所有卫星进行分组测距来提高星间测距链路数量,从而提高星地星间联合定轨精度。以整星座平均定轨精度最优为目标,提出了两步优化算法,得到星间总测距链路数最多的卫星分组,使每组内卫星的星间测距DOP值最小。仿真结果表明,采用优化算法得到的最优分组时分测距方式对卫星定轨精度有明显改善。     

基于星间测距和地面发射源的导航星座整网自主定轨

导航卫星星座自主定轨技术是我国新一代卫星导航系统的关键技术之一.但是仅仅依靠星间相互测距定轨会因缺少地面基准而出现基准秩亏现象.针对这个问题,提出利用少量地面发射源随机工作的方式提供地面基准,将星间测距和地面发射源信息融合起来进行星座整网定轨,进一步提高定轨精度.最后利用仿真实验对该方法的合理有效性进行了验证.     

基于星上天线仰角约束的星间可视卫星集解析算法

星座自主导航需要对星间可视性规律做定量分析,可为进一步研究星间自主组网策略以及星间网络拓扑设计提供理论依据,同时星上自主建立星间链路需要卫星已知其可视卫星集合,因此有必要研究星间可视性解析算法.建立了基于星上环带天线仰角约束的星间可视性判定模型,结合星座几何特性以及卫星运动规律,以时间为变量,推导了卫星在运动过程中对同...     

卫星导航系统星间链路发展的关键影响因素分析

建设有星间链路支持的导航星座已经成为新一代卫星导航系统的发展趋势之一。各国发展卫星导航系统的战略意图、综合国力、技术水平、国土分布等情况不同,导致导航系统对星间链路有不同的需求和约束,各系统发展论证的星间链路技术方案也各有不同。通过梳理国外卫星导航系统星间链路的发展论证过程,归纳出国外建设卫星导航系统星间链路考虑的3个共性关键因素:需求、技术与经济,并分析了以上因素对星间链路发展的影响。     

基于星历辅助的导航星座星间链路捕获初始信息求解算法

针对星间链路信号动态范围大、捕获时间要求短之间的矛盾,提出了一种捕获初始信息的求解算法。该算法基于导航星座的星历资源和动态特性,采用迭代的方法对信号传输时延和多普勒频率进行估计。分析指出,该算法实现过程简单,收敛速度快,估计精度高,两次迭代即可实现时延估计精度达到纳秒级,大大降低了捕获实现的难度和复杂度,适合星上资源要求比较严格的场合。分析基于北斗导航星座模型展开,对我国北斗导航星间链路的设计提供了参考。     

CODE新光压模型对北斗混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响分析

基于国防科技大学自主研制的卫星定轨软件工具包NUDTTK，分析了CODE新光压模型EECOM对北斗二代混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响。研究表明：对GEO卫星而言，EECOM模型能够明显改善定轨精度，相比于传统的ECOM-9和ECOM-5模型，卫星激光测距检核精度分别提高17.4%和35.1%。对IGSO和MEO卫星而言，采用ECOM-5模型的定轨精度要优于EECOM和ECOM-9模型，新光压模型EECOM并不能有效改善IGSO和MEO卫星的定轨精度。与IGS数据分析中心WHU、GFZ和CODE的轨道产品互比对结果（3D RMS）显示：目前，国防科技大学北斗精密轨道产品中，GEO卫星的定轨精度为1~4 m，IGSO卫星的定轨精度为25~30 cm，MEO卫星的定轨精度为10~20 cm。     

基于强跟踪扩展Kalman滤波的X射线脉冲星导航定轨精度研究

为提高X射线脉冲星导航定轨精度,依据脉冲星导航原理,建立了X射线脉冲星自主导航系统的状态方程和观测方程,提出用强跟踪扩展Kalman滤波（Strong Tracking Extended Kalman Filter,STEKF）替代扩展Kalman滤波,并对3颗脉冲星卫星运行的位置和速度估计进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明：STEKF具有使滤波器能够自适应地校正估计偏差并迅速跟踪状态变化的能力,有效地提高了卫星运动状态的估计精度和数值稳定性。     

基于奇偶矢量的多星座RAIM算法

随着GNSS接收机技术的不断发展,基于多星座下的GNSS接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)算法也已被国内外学者广泛研究。首先介绍了接收机自主完好性监测奇偶矢量算法的原理,然后分别对单星座、多星座组合下的RAIM算法进行了研究和仿真,图形化和数据化的仿真结果充分证明了多星座组合下的完好性监测性能优于单星座下完好性监测性能。     

CODE新光压模型对北斗混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响

运用卫星定轨软件工具包NUDTTK,分析了欧洲定轨中心扩展的经验光压模型(EECOM)对北斗二代混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响。研究表明:对地球静止轨道卫星而言,EECOM能够明显改善定轨精度,相比于传统的ECOM-9和ECOM-5模型,卫星激光测距检核精度分别提高17.4%和35.1%。对倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中轨道卫星而言,采用ECOM-5模型的定轨精度要优于采用EECOM和ECOM-9模型的,新光压模型EECOM并不能有效改善倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中轨道卫星的定轨精度。与IGS数据分析中心WHU、GFZ和CODE的轨道产品相互比对的结果显示:目前,国防科技大学北斗精密轨道产品中,地球静止轨道卫星的定轨精度为1~4 m,倾斜地球同步轨道卫星的定轨精度为25~30 cm,中轨道卫星的定轨精度为10~20 cm。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.