气象探测火箭发射用软件射表

在气象探测火箭发射之前需要根据实测风场 ,应用射表对火箭飞行弹道进行“风修”。传统射表在风修精度和通用性等方面存在不足。软件射表具有明显优势 ,它基于弹道数值仿真及迭代搜索技术 ,根据火箭分离技术要求和实测风场条件 ,确定出火箭发射角并及时预示飞行弹道。与传统射表相比 ,软件射表具有更高的风修计算精度及通用性 ,并省去了繁杂的射表编制工作     

火箭布雷弹主动段终点K弹道诸元的一种计算方法

本文针对火箭布雷弹主动段终点Ｋ的弹道诸元计算,提出了一种求解方法－“近似解法”。利用此方法,可以不用查表,快速计算出Ｋ点的弹道诸元。     

增量比例导引弹道仿真研究

通过引入附加增量,对传统的比例导引方法进行改进。建立了增量比例导引方法的数学模型,运用Matlab语言进行仿真计算,分析了不同的比例导引系数、附加增量对导引弹道及导弹与目标相遇时间的影响,得到不同导引系数及附加增量下的弹道曲线和弹目相遇时间,仿真结果表明与传统的比例导引方法相比,在比例导引系数不变的情况下,选择合适的附加增量可以减少导弹与目标的相遇时间。     

导弹最优制导律弹道仿真分析

根据导弹仿真数据,绘制可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道曲线。给出了比例导引法的差分方程,建立了比例导引法的三维弹道仿真模型。在对比例导引法进行三维弹道仿真的基础上,分别对增量比例导引、基于二次型的最优制导律和考虑动态特性的二次型最优制导律进行了三维弹道仿真,绘制出了可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道,计算了导弹与目标的遭遇时间,并对结果进行了比较分析。最后得出考虑弹体动态特性的二次型最优制导律具有最优性。     

雷诺数随高度的变化对远程弹箭射程的影响

研究了雷诺数在0 km～80 km高度范围内随高度的变化,计算分析了由于雷诺数随高度的变化而引起的阻力系数的变化,然后,以某型远程火箭为对象对弹道进行了对比计算.计算结果表明,雷诺数随着高度的增加下降明显,阻力系数随着高度的增加而变大,雷诺数随高度的变化对射程的影响较大.研究结果说明,对于远射程大弹道高的弹箭飞行,雷诺数随高度的变化不容忽视.     

近空间飞行器固体火箭助推器/助推弹道总体设计优化

研究一种近空间飞行器的固体火箭助推器/助推弹道总体优化问题.在选定喷管构型、推进剂、壳体材料、绝热层材料及药柱结构的前提下,建立包含热力学分析与计算、质量分析与计算、气动力分析与计算和弹道设计与计算的系统分析模型,采用一种基于可行性规则与结合模拟退火的混合粒子群优化算法求解最优解.优化结果表明建立的系统分析模型和采用的...     

亚轨道飞行器试验运载火箭的射程控制

运载火箭试验靶场就是用于火箭发射试验的专门场区,包括陆域、海域、空域等。靶场安全问题比较复杂、涉及范围广,火箭进入外层空间前不允许穿越外国领域或必须保证距国境线有一定的安全距离,其残骸落区不允许在外国领域。在我国,受到国土范围限制,又要实现洲际运载火箭全程飞行试验的要求,实际中通常采取"高弹道"、"低弹道"等特殊弹道的飞行试验来代替全程飞行试验的策略。通过对两类特殊亚轨道飞行器的飞行试验火箭的弹道特点描述,开展射程控制分析,研究基于我国国境进行亚轨道飞行试验的靶场安全控制方法。射程控制,对于低弹道可以采用控制俯仰程序角速度方法,而对于高弹道可以采用控制俯仰程序角方法。     

飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷弹道建模及仿真

针对垂直发射飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷,分析其在空中各阶段的受力和运动情况,建立相应的空中弹道模型,并对模型进行了仿真,分析了火箭助飞鱼雷总质量、助推发动机推力、巡航发动机推力变化对飞行时间的影响。仿真结果表明,所建立的模型符合火控弹道模型要求,而且文中所建立的模型简明直观,可用于垂直发射飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷的火控解算。     

高斯伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用

为实现对可变推力固体火箭发动机推进剂的充分利用,以近程导弹拦截目标为特定研究场景,在推进剂质量给定的情况下采用Gauss伪谱法进行弹道优化设计。该方法采用变推力控制,选用固体火箭发动机实现推力可调,由比例导引给出制导指令,研究Gauss伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用方法,最终得到目标函数及约束条件下的比例导引变推力优化方案。仿真结果表明了高斯伪谱法应用于可变推力导弹弹道优化设计的有效性,同时与传统发动机方案下的弹道进行对比,表明了变推力控制在导弹弹道性能上的优越性。     

火箭助飞鱼雷对随机机动目标的射击效率仿真

为解决火箭助飞鱼雷的作战使用问题,需要确定它对随机机动目标的射击效率,通过对该雷空中及水下弹道的各阶段深入细致的分析研究,建立了火箭助飞鱼雷射击效率仿真模型.着重探讨了采用目标现在点射击方法,对随机机动目标的发现概率仿真计算模型,进行了实际仿真计算,并就一些主要参数对射击效率的影响做了较为深入的分析.仿真结果表明,所建立的射击效率模型符合火箭助飞鱼雷的实际,对进一步深入研究其作战使用诸多问题具有一定的参考价值.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.