心理战:相关概念与判断

心理战地位的战略性提升,是人类军事斗争发展到今天的必然。文章围绕心理战与物理战、信息战、舆论战、法律战、军事训练、装备创新、文化软实力等问题展开讨论,在对相关概念进行辨析的基础上,提出了作者关于心理战的一系列判断。     

法律基本作战功能探析

所谓的法律战是指以法律为作战武器 ,结合政治舆论、军事打击、心理攻击 ,实现团结激励自己 ,拓展己方政治军事空间 ,打击瓦解敌军的一种作战样式。对法律的作战功能 ,要紧密结合当前我军军事斗争准备的形势和任务需要 ,结合《政治工作条例》的要求 ,正确认识其功能的价值和地位。(一 )确定战争的必要性、可行性现代社会生活中 ,为了解决某种矛盾 ,获取某种利益 ,往往需要通过战争解决。战争的主体主要是国家和国家集团。与战争相关的法律对于国家的权利义务 ,对于国家的利益进行了权衡 ,并进行了法律上强制性的规范和约定。战争开始与否 ,…     

军事新闻发布史及我军新闻发布制的建立

军事新闻发布历史的发展,离不开军事斗争实践的推动。现代军事新闻发布产生于“一战”,经历“二战”及其后多次局部战争的磨砺,今天的军事新闻发布已成为信息化战争的组成部分和舆论战、心理战、法律战的重要手段。我军一直十分重视运用新闻发布开展军事宣传和配合军事斗争,在实践中不断探索创新,并于2007年正式建立军事新闻发布制。日益增多的非战争军事行动和日渐重要的军事对外宣传,促进了我军新闻发布活动的常态化、规范化。     

加强民兵预备役部队多样化军事任务后勤保障能力建设研探

加强民兵预备役部队多样化军事任务后勤保障能力建设，是贯彻胡锦涛主席关于“应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务”战略决策的具体举措，是深化军事斗争常态化准备的重要内容。要着眼战时应战、急时应急、平时服务“三时一体”新的职能定位，按照“与经济社会建设相协调、与遂行多样化军事任务相适应、与常态化军事斗争后勤准备相同步”的要求，拓宽新思路，解决新问题，谋求新发展。     

积极探索联勤部队开展"三战"演练的方法路子

为贯彻落实军委江主席关于政治工作要在信息化条件下的作战中 ,充分发挥“舆论战、心理战、法律战”重要作用的指示要求 ,切实提升政治工作的直接作战功能 ,全面做好军事斗争各项准备 ,我们紧贴联勤部队实际和未来作战任务特点 ,大胆探索“三战”学习研究演练的方法 ,取得了初步成果。一、着眼打赢使命 ,把“三战”演练切实摆上军事斗争准备重要位置舆论战、心理战、法律战等政治斗争形式 ,已经成为现代战争的重要作战样式 ,越来越引起世界各国军队的高度重视。对“三战”进行专门的学习研究演练 ,对我军还是个新的内容 ,对联勤部队更是个崭…     

为我军未来军事斗争提供可靠的法理依据--政治工作"法律战"浅析

为我军未来军事斗争提供可靠的法理依据,打赢高技术信息化战争的法律战,是当前一个十分突出和紧迫的问题,是为打赢未来高技术战争提供强大精神动力的重要组成部分,必须提到军队政治工作的议事日程上来.     

雅克萨之战历史回顾及启示

雅克萨之战,是沙俄侵略者妄图侵占中国黑龙江流域大片领土,中国军民被迫进行的一次反抗侵略、收复失地的自卫战争。本文在回顾这场战争的基础上,从军事斗争准备、边疆管控、边疆建设、军事斗争策略几个方面进行反思,对当前做好军事斗争具有重要的历史借鉴意义。     

从毛泽东军事辩证法中汲取思维智慧

<正>毛泽东曾说：“我这一辈子就是在打仗中过的,一共打了二十二年,从没有打仗的决心到有了打仗的决心,从不会打仗到学会了打仗。”在艰苦卓绝的武装斗争中,毛泽东以其高超的军事指挥才能、非凡的预见力洞察力,运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,系统回答了战争的起源、本质、制约战争的因素等重大理论和实践问题,形成了意蕴深厚的军事辩证法思想。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上,深入学习领会毛泽东军事辩证法的精髓,从中汲取敢战、能战、善战的斗争智慧,锤炼应战、胜战、止战的斗争本领,对于我们“不断增强斗争意识、     

2003’世界军事形势综述

2003年是国际社会发生剧烈动荡的一年。战争与反战、恐怖与反恐、对抗与合作、军事变革与军队转型、军备控制与军备竞赛等国际军事斗争充斥国     

网络中心战作战效能研究与应用

随着网络信息技术的发展,计算机网络在军事斗争中应用越来越多,网络中心战已成为一种新的作战概念和作战样式,实现了从消耗型作战向更快更有效的战争方式转变。在网络中心战特征分析基础上,建立网络中心战模型,主要研究了网络中心战的作战效能。计算实例表明,所建数学模型科学合理,效能分析方法可靠。     

How do wars end? A multidisciplinary enquiry

ABSTRACT

The cessation of military confrontations rarely coincides with the end of war. Legal and political matters continue after the last shot has been fired, civilians driven from their homes try to rebuild their houses and their lives, veterans need to adapt to their new role in civil society, and the struggle to define the history and the significance of past events only begins. In recent years, in particular, the changes in the character of contemporary warfare have created uncertainties across different disciplines about how to identify and conceptualise the end of war. It is therefore an opportune moment to examine how wars end from a multidisciplinary perspective that combines enquiries into the politics of war, the laws of war and the military and intellectual history of war. This approach enables both an understanding of how ‘the end’ as a concept informs the understanding of war in international relations, in international law and in history and a reconsideration of the nature of scientific method in the field of war studies as such.     

涉外非战争军事行动的法律保障问题研究

近年来,随着军队使命任务的拓展,涉外非战争军事行动日益成为国家运用军事力量的重要方式。因此,必须加强涉外非战争军事行动中法律保障问题研究,使其在法律框架下进行。加强对涉外非战争军事行动的法律保障,有助于为军队遂行多样化军事任务提供有力的法律支持和保障。     

采取仿真模拟技术预设战争实现训练与实战接轨

文章研究信息化条件下局部战争战法。利用模拟作战实验室实践检验、论证完善战争设计理论,普及电脑游戏开发战争想象力,借虚拟数学方式预测战争结果。强化“战争设计”对训练的牵引作用,落实训战一致。强调加强军事理论研究的针对性、前瞻性．综合考虑武器装备、战争战例、军事训练水平、人员素质、战役战术等因素,对未来可能发生的战争进行准确预测。     

What Goes Up Must Come Down: Military Expenditure and Civil Wars

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of civil war on military expenditure. We employ two measures of military expenditure: the share of military expenditure in general government expenditure and the logarithm of military expenditures. We would reasonably expect a priori that military expenditure as a share of general government expenditure increases during a civil war and that such increases would taper off over the duration of a civil war. We also explore whether the termination of a civil war induces a decline in the share of military expenditure as a share of the general government expenditure in the short-run. We find evidence the of share of military expenditure increases during a civil war and falls in the year succeeding the end of a civil war, and, in particular, if a war ends in a peace treaty. The level of military expenditures, however, rises during civil wars and does not appear to decline in the short-term after the end of a civil war.     

吴起战争观浅议

吴起是战国时期伟大的军事家,他在继承前人兵学理论、总结当时战争经验的基础上,系统地论述了其战争观念,并形成了许多新的见解。其战争观丰富了中国古代的兵学理论,在中国兵学发展史上具有重大的意义。     

毛泽东军事思想对古代兵学文化的传承与发展

毛泽东军事思想植根于中国古代兵学文化的土壤,它的战争观、军事伦理价值观、战争谋略法等思想,与中国古代社会"仁战"、"义战"、"以民为本"、"以奇制胜"、"以礼治军"等战略方法、战略思想一脉相承,同时也是对古代兵学文化的创造性发展,是中国革命战争实践、马列主义军事思想和古代兵学文化相结合的产物。     

论刑法一般原则在军事刑法中的实现

军事刑法是普通刑法的特别法,因而,刑法的一般原则对军事刑法具有当然的指导意义,但是这些原则在军事刑法中会有特殊的体现。军事刑法保护的是国防利益、国家军事利益。但是,为了保护国防利益、国家军事利益而不当的牺牲个人权利是罪刑法定原则不允许的。法律面前人人平等原则要求,对任何人犯罪,在适用法律上一律平等。但是,由于军人具有特殊的身分,刑法对军人和非军人加以区别对待。罪刑相适应原则要求,刑罚的轻重,应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。战时缓刑是刑罚个别化原则在军事刑法中的体现。     

Legitimate Authority as a Jus Ad Bellum Condition: Defense of a Procedural Requirement in Just War Theory

ABSTRACT

Today, it is widely held that while authorization may be helpful in assuring that the other jus ad bellum criteria are met, legitimate authority is not itself a condition for just recourse to war. Or, if it is necessary, it is said to be a trivial requirement, as mobilization for war requires some political authorization. Those who would retain the legitimacy requirement have differing views about who the proper authority is. I argue that, reasonably understood, legitimate authorization is necessary for jus ad bellum. Considerations of agency and consent in force combine with the social contract to commit us to deferring to recognized authorities. These obligations are strengthened by the epistemic reliability and pragmatic value conferred by governing institutions and procedures limiting recourse to war. These same rationales imply that the U.N. Security Council should regulate the international use of force. I qualify that if higher authorities fail to act, other subsidiary authorities may then authorize force. However, the move to each subsequent level of authorization must be justified. Understood in this way, the requirement that wars not be fought without legitimate authorization is a non-trivial, necessary procedural jus ad bellum condition.     

矛盾及其化解：军事法的部门法地位解析

中国特色社会主义法律体系业已形成,军事法的部门法地位问题却再度引发热议,我国法律体系相关理论构建过程中未及解决和完善的各种理论缺陷和逻辑谬误再度显现.理论上的矛盾需要化解,在我国特殊的宪政体制已经预设了军事法体系独立地位的前提下,军事法的部门法地位应当得到普遍认同.而为了达到这一目标,我国社会主义法律体系理论的完善成为必需,对军事法部门法地位的逻辑解析成为必要。     

The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’

The first conceptual, theoretical treatises about small war (la petite guerre) as special operations appeared only from the middle of the seventeenth century. The term is not used in the eighteenth-century sense of ‘special operations’ in older sources. The supposed absence of any treatment of the subject is surprising considering the obsession with the ‘art of war’ in the Renaissance, but other authors attribute it to a supposed antinomy between chivalric ideals and irregular warfare. But the absence of explicit manuals on the subject is not evidence of absence of advanced reflection on this kind of operations in the Middle Ages and in Early Modern times. We should thus look elsewhere, in other genres, for writings that contain and pass on military knowledge. Epics, romances, educational and military treatises, and memoirs in fact contain elements of a theory of special operations, even though these genres differ from our conception of rationality inherited from the Enlightenment.