某加农炮身管内膛烧蚀磨损对内弹道性能的影响

通过对某加农炮的身管烧蚀磨损特征数据进行分析整理,确定了身管烧蚀磨损特征面,采用了多特征面来表述火炮内弹道性能变化。将该研究方法具体用于某加农炮身管特性的研究,建立了该加农炮的内弹道性能与其身管内膛烧蚀磨损特征量之间的关系模型。     

基于实射数据的舰炮弹药当量系数

弹药当量系数是准确评估身管寿命的关键参数。通过对某型小口径舰炮的研究,提出了一种基于实弹射击数据的当量系数计算方法。对实弹射击试验获取的身管内膛烧蚀磨损数据进行了分析处理,拟合得到了身管磨损速度曲线,并计算得到了3种射击条件下的当量系数。研究结果为评估该类型火炮身管寿命提供了重要的数据支撑。     

BP神经网络的身管寿命预测方法

作为影响火炮寿命的炮膛烧蚀和磨损,其作用过程是一个相当复杂的综合过程.到目前为止,还不能建立起一个较好的数学模型来计算火炮内膛烧蚀磨损量.针对这种情况,在实测数据的基础上,提出了采用BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的方法,利用其优越的非线性逼近能力和泛化能力来计算炮膛烧蚀磨损量,并根据最大烧蚀磨损量进行身管寿命预测.     

不同射速对身管内壁烧蚀的影响

为了研究自动武器身管在不同射速条件下的熔化烧蚀状况,利用有限元的方法,用Abaqus软件建立身管的瞬态传热模型。基于传热学的理论,在射速分别为300发/min、400发/min以及600发/min状态下对身管的对流传热进行模拟仿真,得到身管内壁表面在发射过程时的温度。然后建立身管烧蚀模型,再根据所建立的烧蚀模型计算出身管内壁烧蚀的厚度。对比在不同射速下身管的烧蚀情况,得出身管内壁的烧蚀规律。上述研究为合理安排射速以及身管寿命预测提供了有益的参考。     

基于ANSYS火炮身管传热仿真

火炮连续发射过程中身管内壁温度持续升高会加快身管的烧蚀磨损,为此分析研究影响身管温度变化的射速、环境温度等主要因素.利用ANSYS软件建立火炮身管有限元模型,对身管内外壁的对流传热和身管壁内的热传导进行仿真,计算求解得到了不同射击模式及不同环境温度下身管内外壁温度的变化规律,结果表明射速增大、环境温度越离,身管温度上升越快.研究成果为依据身管内外壁温度控制火炮发射强度来延长身管寿命提供一定的理论依据.     

火炮身管内膛损伤机理分析

身管是火炮的关键部件,也是最易损耗的部件之一。火炮在发射过程中,身管内高温、高压的气体对身管内膛造成严重的损害,使身管内膛出现裂纹、龟裂、膛线脱落,严重影响火炮的射击精度和身管寿命,甚至会产生炸膛,危害到发射人员的安全。所以急需对身管内膛损伤进行机理分析,以利于身管寿命的检测和维护。以身管损伤的一般规律为主线,从损伤的5种形式入手,详细地讨论了身管常见损伤形式的原因和影响因素,并对其进行了机理分析。研究结果表明,身管内膛损伤主要是由于高温高压的火药气体和弹丸的挤进摩擦导致的,常见的物理反应损伤为内膛裂纹、内膛挂铜和内膛烧蚀,常见的化学反应损伤为镀铬层脱落,而内膛磨损是在物理反应和化学反应耦合作用下产生的损伤。     

火炮身管抗磨损烧蚀技术及发展动向

火炮身管内膛磨损烧蚀这一射击过程中固有现象是火炮身管的主要失效形式，越来越成为阻碍火炮威力提高的重要因素之一。本文简述了身管内膛磨损烧蚀形成机理、常见形式和抗磨损烧蚀破坏的研究目标及有关的技术措施、发展动向。     

用阳线磨损量表征火炮初速减退量

用药室增长量预估线膛火炮初速下降量精度很低,根据火炮身管烧蚀磨损特点,本文提出了用身管严重磨损段阳线磨损量表征火炮初速减退量,在130mm加农炮上所做试验表明,用该方法可提高大口径火炮初速下降量的预估精度。     

基于改进支持向量回归机的火炮身管寿命预测

为准确预测火炮身管寿命终止时火炮射弹数,根据射击过程中火炮身管磨损量与身管寿命特性,分析了身管膛线起始部磨损量与身管射弹数之间的关系,提出了支持向量回归机算法,并采用遗传算法进行模型优化改进,得到火炮身管寿命预测最优模型。结合两种类型火炮的身管数据,利用该模型对身管寿命进行预测,并与原始支持向量回归机进行对比,通过分析可知改进的支持向量回归机预测效果好、精度高,为火炮在实际应用中身管的寿命预测提供了新的思路。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测方法

针对高膛压坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测的难题,结合坦克实弹射击试验数据量少和非线性的特点,基于最小二乘支持向量机构建了坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型,给出了模型参数的选取方法,并以某型坦克炮射击试验为基础,对坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:该模型预测坦克炮身管剩余寿命效果良好。     

耐久性及其在装备研制中的应用

机械产品在武器装备中占有较大的比例，机械产品的故障，有很多是由于疲劳、磨损、腐蚀、老化等渐变性的耗损过程造成的，寿命是机械产品可靠性中的重要问题。耐久性的提出为解决机械产品与寿命有关的问题提供了方法和工具。通过探讨耐久性的定义、极限状态、耐久性参数、耐久性分配与预计等有关耐久性的基本问题，给出了耐久性分配与预计的工程实例。     

Price and capacity decisions of service systems with boundedly rational customers

We consider price and capacity decisions for a profit‐maximizing service provider in a single server queueing system, in which customers are boundedly rational and decide whether to join the service according to a multinomial logit model. We find two potential price‐capacity pair solutions for the first‐order condition of the profit‐maximizing problem. Profit is maximized at the solution with a larger capacity, but minimized at the smaller one. We then consider a dynamically adjusting capacity system to mimic a real‐life situation and find that the maximum can be reached only when the initial service rate is larger than a certain threshold; otherwise, the system capacity and demand shrink to zero. We also find that a higher level of customers’ bounded rationality does not necessarily benefit a firm, nor does it necessarily allow service to be sustained. We extend our analysis to a setting in which customers’ bounded rationality level is related to historical demand and find that such a setting makes service easier to sustain. Finally we find that bounded rationality always harms social welfare.     

The stochastic single resource service‐provision problem

The service‐provision problem described in this paper comes from an application of distributed processing in telecommunications networks. The objective is to maximize a service provider's profit from offering computational‐based services to customers. The service provider has limited capacity and must choose which of a set of software applications he would like to offer. This can be done dynamically, taking into consideration that demand for the different services is uncertain. The problem is examined in the framework of stochastic integer programming. Approximations and complexity are examined for the case when demand is described by a discrete probability distribution. For the deterministic counterpart, a fully polynomial approximation scheme is known 2 . We show that introduction of stochasticity makes the problem strongly NP‐hard, implying that the existence of such a scheme for the stochastic problem is highly unlikely. For the general case a heuristic with a worst‐case performance ratio that increases in the number of scenarios is presented. Restricting the class of problem instances in a way that many reasonable practical problem instances satisfy allows for the derivation of a heuristic with a constant worst‐case performance ratio. Worst‐case performance analysis of approximation algorithms is classical in the field of combinatorial optimization, but in stochastic programming the authors are not aware of any previous results in this direction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

面向服务的作战仿真模型组合建模方法

为简化模型组合的实现方式,满足多样化作战仿真对模型服务组合的需求,针对作战仿真模型组合规则复杂、基本服务类型相对单一等特点,提出一种基于事件的服务组合BEWSC（Based-Events Web Services Composition）方法。首先定义一种基于MERA(mission-event-restriction-action)规则化语言,在此基础上,采用过程构造子,按照模块化方法对模型服务的组合方案进行描述,并分别从服务的发布者、服务的请求者和推理过程这三个角度对组合服务的执行流程进行具体分析,解决了服务组合表示困难、描述能力不足、模型匹配差异性大和模型组合有效性低等方面问题。     

The quay crane scheduling problem with time windows

The quay crane scheduling problem consists of scheduling tasks for loading and unloading containers on cranes that are assigned to a vessel for its service. This article introduces a new approach for quay crane scheduling, where the availability of cranes at a vessel is restricted to certain time windows. The problem is of practical relevance, because container terminal operators frequently redeploy cranes among vessels to speed up the service of high‐priority vessels while serving low‐priority vessels casually. This article provides a mathematical formulation of the problem and a tree‐search‐based heuristic solution method. A computational investigation on a large set of test instances is used to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and to identify the impact of differently structured crane time windows on the achievable vessel handling time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

舰艇核反应堆堆芯寿期的论证研究

服役年限是核舰艇可靠性要求的一个组成部分,影响其确定的一个主要因素是核动力装置反应堆的堆芯寿期。本文讨论了堆芯寿期与核舰艇服役年限的关系,在分析核燃料消耗的影响因素基础上建立其估计模型以供服役年限与堆芯寿期进行权衡,最后参考军情况,提出堆芯寿期的确定原则。     

Dynamic routing of prioritized warranty repairs

Recent years have seen a strong trend toward outsourcing warranty repair services to outside vendors. In this article we consider the problem of dynamically routing warranty repairs to service vendors when warranties have priority levels. Each time an item under warranty fails, it is sent to one of the vendors for repair. Items covered by higher priority warranty receive higher priority in repair service. The manufacturer pays a fixed fee per repair and incurs a linear holding cost while an item is undergoing or waiting for repair. The objective is to minimize the manufacturer's long‐run average cost. Because of the complexity of the problem, it is very unlikely that there exist tractable ways to find the optimal routing strategies. Therefore, we propose five heuristic routing procedures that are applicable to real‐life problems. We evaluate the heuristics using simulation. The simulation results show that the index‐based “generalized join the shortest queue” policy, which applies a single policy improvement step to an initial state‐independent policy, performs the best among all five heuristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

服役工况下镍基单晶高温合金的损伤机制研究进展

为提高镍基单晶叶片服役寿命、解决发动机和燃气轮机的关键核心技术,近年来国内外持续开展了大量针对镍基单晶高温合金服役情况下损伤与失效机制的研究。从实际服役条件出发,总结了镍基单晶高温合金疲劳、蠕变和热机械疲劳损伤机制等研究成果与进展。此外,针对大量实验造成的时间与成本增加问题,还总结了近年来在镍基单晶高温合金的寿命预测方法方面的研究工作与成果,并提出了目前在镍基单晶高温合金寿命评估与失效分析研究方面所面临的困难和挑战。     

舰用锅炉过热器使用寿命的论证

鉴于某型舰用锅炉过热器破损的主因在于其内部腐蚀,而破损的主要方式是由管头的溃烂开始直至整个管头烂掉为止,导致管子的胀接松动而漏泄。因此,过热器的使用年限全取决于管头的腐蚀速度。通过确定过热器内管头的腐蚀率、锅炉年内运行时间以及保养时间等要素来估算过热器的使用寿命。     

云计算安全协议设计

分析了目前云计算服务中存在的应用风险和安全隐患,并将其抽象为两方面的问题,即安全边界问题和用户服务资源映射问题。为了解决这两个方面的问题,根据云计算系统的实际需求,给出云计算服务的一种普适性的定义;在此定义基础上,提出了云计算服务的安全框架,并设计了云计算服务各层协议集合。在这个框架和协议集合下,分析了保证云计算服务正常执行所需的四方面要素,以及将诸要素较好地整合在一起的方法。