基于仿真和实验的火炮射弹当量系数研究

火炮射弹当量换算系数是确定火炮身管寿命的关键参数,当量换算系数的计算目前是国内外火炮寿命研究领域的一个难题.有限元仿真分析可计算出实验无法或难以测量的数据,通过实验拟合出炮钢磨损速率的数学模型,结合有限元仿真计算和内弹道公式编程计算的结果,来计算火炮射弹当量换算系数.试验结果证明该方法计算的当量换算系数精度较高,能够满足实际使用要求.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测方法

针对高膛压坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测的难题,结合坦克实弹射击试验数据量少和非线性的特点,基于最小二乘支持向量机构建了坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型,给出了模型参数的选取方法,并以某型坦克炮射击试验为基础,对坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:该模型预测坦克炮身管剩余寿命效果良好。     

炮管内膛烧蚀磨损现象的分析

目前国内外对火炮身管寿命的研究表明,火炮身管疲劳寿命低的问题已基本解决,而烧蚀磨损寿命已成为影响其寿命的主要因素。就此介绍了身管烧蚀磨损的特征和危害,并且分析了造成这些特征和危害的原因,最后就解决这些问题提出了相应的措施。     

基于ANSYS火炮身管传热仿真

火炮连续发射过程中身管内壁温度持续升高会加快身管的烧蚀磨损,为此分析研究影响身管温度变化的射速、环境温度等主要因素.利用ANSYS软件建立火炮身管有限元模型,对身管内外壁的对流传热和身管壁内的热传导进行仿真,计算求解得到了不同射击模式及不同环境温度下身管内外壁温度的变化规律,结果表明射速增大、环境温度越离,身管温度上升越快.研究成果为依据身管内外壁温度控制火炮发射强度来延长身管寿命提供一定的理论依据.     

基于改进支持向量回归机的火炮身管寿命预测

为准确预测火炮身管寿命终止时火炮射弹数,根据射击过程中火炮身管磨损量与身管寿命特性,分析了身管膛线起始部磨损量与身管射弹数之间的关系,提出了支持向量回归机算法,并采用遗传算法进行模型优化改进,得到火炮身管寿命预测最优模型。结合两种类型火炮的身管数据,利用该模型对身管寿命进行预测,并与原始支持向量回归机进行对比,通过分析可知改进的支持向量回归机预测效果好、精度高,为火炮在实际应用中身管的寿命预测提供了新的思路。     

冲击载荷作用下身管疲劳行为研究

传统身管疲劳寿命评定采用实弹射击和实验室液压疲劳试验相结合的方法进行,未充分考虑火炮发射时动态载荷对身管的冲击疲劳作用.为此,研制了身管冲击液压疲劳试验装置,为揭示身管冲击疲劳规律提供了新手段.依托该装置,在实验室条件下再现了身管胀膛和膛炸现象.试验结果表明:在冲击载荷作用下,身管壁内主裂纹逐渐形成并沿径向扩展,造成身...     

某加农炮身管内膛烧蚀磨损对内弹道性能的影响

通过对某加农炮的身管烧蚀磨损特征数据进行分析整理,确定了身管烧蚀磨损特征面,采用了多特征面来表述火炮内弹道性能变化。将该研究方法具体用于某加农炮身管特性的研究,建立了该加农炮的内弹道性能与其身管内膛烧蚀磨损特征量之间的关系模型。     

BP神经网络的身管寿命预测方法

作为影响火炮寿命的炮膛烧蚀和磨损,其作用过程是一个相当复杂的综合过程.到目前为止,还不能建立起一个较好的数学模型来计算火炮内膛烧蚀磨损量.针对这种情况,在实测数据的基础上,提出了采用BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的方法,利用其优越的非线性逼近能力和泛化能力来计算炮膛烧蚀磨损量,并根据最大烧蚀磨损量进行身管寿命预测.     

不同射速对身管内壁烧蚀的影响

为了研究自动武器身管在不同射速条件下的熔化烧蚀状况,利用有限元的方法,用Abaqus软件建立身管的瞬态传热模型。基于传热学的理论,在射速分别为300发/min、400发/min以及600发/min状态下对身管的对流传热进行模拟仿真,得到身管内壁表面在发射过程时的温度。然后建立身管烧蚀模型,再根据所建立的烧蚀模型计算出身管内壁烧蚀的厚度。对比在不同射速下身管的烧蚀情况,得出身管内壁的烧蚀规律。上述研究为合理安排射速以及身管寿命预测提供了有益的参考。     

基于低周疲劳理论的身管横向裂纹萌生研究

基于非线性有限元理论建立弹带挤进的动力学模型,依据低周疲劳理论对身管内壁横向裂纹的萌生时机进行研究.在仅考虑热载荷的作用下,研究热疲劳因素对身管裂纹萌生的影响;再利用热力耦合分析方法,研究将弹带的挤压和摩擦作用考虑进来后身管横向裂纹的萌生时机.结果表明,通过热力耦合模型得到的疲劳射弹发数与实弹射击实验发现的横向裂纹的萌生时机相吻合,验证了在考虑热力耦合作用下所建模型的正确性.     

某自动步枪身管内膛破坏特点研究

通过枪管的寿命试验,获取该枪的寿命值。利用MATLAB进行二项式曲线拟合,得到枪管的初速预测模型,并根据内膛表面形貌和断面形貌的显微图像,找出内膛破坏的特点及枪管寿终原因,为今后身管武器研究提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Research on Prediction Model for Erosion and Abrasion of Barrel Based on LSSVM

To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's erosion and abrasion was established. It was adopted to predict the wear increment of gun barrel. The results show that the prediction values given by the model coincide with the measured data better, and the model can predict the barrel's wear accurately and rapidly.     

Study on performance degradation and failure analysis of machine gun barrel

An increase in the use of the gun barrel will cause wear of the inner wall, which reduces the muzzle velocity and the spin rate of the projectile. The off-bore flight attitude and trajectory of the projectile also change, affecting the shooting power and the accuracy. Exterior ballistic data of a high-speed spinning projectile are required to study the performance change. Therefore, based on the barrel's accelerated life test, the whole process of projectile shooting is reproduced using numerical simulation technology, and key information on the ballistic performance change at each shooting stage are acquired. Studies have shown that in the later stages of barrel shooting, the accuracy of shooting has not decreased significantly. However, it is found that the angle of attack of the projectile increases as the wear of the barrel increases. The maximum angle of attack reaches 0.106 rad when the number of shots reaches 4300. Meanwhile, elliptical bullet hole has appeared on the target at this shooting stage. Through combining external ballistic theory with simulation results, the primary reason of this phenomenon is found to be a significant decrease in the muzzle spin rate of the projectile. At the end of the barrel life, the projectile muzzle spin rate is 57.5% lower than that of a barrel without wear.     

速射转管炮射击校正方法

速射转管炮的使用成功地解决了射速高、寿命长、后坐力小三者之间的矛盾,但另一方面也给舰炮火控系统带来了新的问题。在分析转管炮对弹丸运动影响的基础上,重点描述了速射转管炮射击校正的方法。     

Development of multi-physics numerical simulation model to investigate thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation in an autofrettaged gun barrel

In this research, a detailed multi-physics study has been carried out by numerically simulating a solid fractured gun barrel for 20 thermo-mechanical cycles. The numerical model is based on thermal effects, mechanical stress fields and fatigue crack mechanics. Elastic-plastic material data of modified AISI 4340 at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C and at strain rates of 4, 16, 32 and 48 s⁻¹ was acquired from high-temperature compression tests. This was used as material property data in the simulation model. The boundary conditions applied are kept similar to the working gun barrel during continuous firing. A methodology has been provided to define thermo-mechanically active surface-to-surface type interface between the crack faces for a better approximation of stresses at the crack tip. Comparison of results from non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged simulation models provide useful information about the evolution of strains and stresses in the barrel at different points under combined thermo-mechanical loading cycles in both cases. The effect of thermal fatigue under already induced compressive yield due to autofrettage and the progressive degradation of the accumulated stresses due to thermo-mechanical cyclic loads on the internal surface of the gun barrel (mimicking the continuous firing scenario) has been analyzed. Comparison between energy release rate at tips of varying crack lengths due to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading in the non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged gun has been carried out.     

A probability model for initial crack size and fatigue life of gun barrels

With constant firing, metal fatigue produces cracks in a gun barrel. The useful life of the barrel comes to an end when a crack develops to a critical size. The theory of Fracture Mechanics suggests a formula for crack size growth rate. This formula can be used to determine the life of a barrel, depending on the initial and critical crack sizes and other factors. The initial crack size turns out to be a dominant factor. Unfortunately, accurate measurements are not generally available on the initial crack size. In this paper, we propose a simple probability model for the initial crack size and this, in turn, leads to a probability distribution of the life of the barrel. This last distribution is the well-known exponential distribution with a location shift. The simplicity of this final result is one of the factors that make the model appealing.     

基于刚柔耦合的坦克炮发射动力学仿真分析

炮口扰动是影响坦克炮射击精度的重要因素，为研究弹丸出炮口瞬间的炮口扰动规律，基于多体动力学与有限元方法构建了坦克刚柔耦合的全车动力学仿真模型，该模型考虑了身管的柔性特性，对身管进行了模态分析，得到了身管的模态中性文件。通过仿真，对比了后坐部分最大后坐位移与最大后坐速度的试验值与仿真值，对刚柔耦合模型的仿真结果进行了验证。在此基础上，分析了刚性身管和柔性身管对炮口扰动的影响，结果表明：考虑身管柔性特性的刚柔耦合模型能够有效提高坦克炮射击仿真精度。     

身管柔性化对火炮动力后坐试验的影响研究

为研究火炮动力后坐试验过程中身管变形对火炮后坐复进运动的影响,以某自行火炮火力部分作为研究对象,基于多体动力学和有限元方法,构建了考虑身管柔性化的火力部分刚柔耦合动力学模型。该模型中,炮膛合力以样条函数的形式直接作用在炮口前端。通过仿真,对比火炮后坐部分最大后坐速度、最大后坐位移以及最大后坐速度时的后坐位移和时间的仿真值与实弹射击过程中的试验值,结果表明,采用冲击的方式进行火炮后坐模拟试验时,身管柔性特征对火炮后坐复进特性影响较小,也证明冲击式火炮后坐试验装置的研制可行性。