态势估计中编队作战空间关系表示及其推理

空间关系表示及其推理是态势估计的基本问题。提出了海军编队作战空间的概念,分析了几种典型的空间形式并探讨了相应的描述方法,基于对B.Clarke空间理论的分析,针对两支编队海上作战的态势演变,提出了海军编队作战的区域拓扑关系、及其符号表示和推理的符号集合,并采用合理化的形式推导了空间区域的相加、相交、补集和全集等谓词推理运算,它将适用于构建海军编队态势估计的空间推理基础框架。     

战场态势估计和威胁估计

描述了战场态势、态势估计和威胁估计的概念。对态势估计从态势要素提取、态势评估推理及态势预测三方面进行了分析,重点对态势评估中的功能领域如:目标合并、协同关系推理、战场主动权指数计算、作战能力评估、重要目标估计及敌战斗序列估计等的含义、内容和实现步骤进行详细阐述。对威胁估计的内容和主要功能也进行了描述。     

基于可信度理论的一种态势估计方法

态势估计是战场决策的基础,而如何进行正确的战场决策对战斗有着重要的影响。在对态势估计进行分析的基础上,根据可信度理论,提出了一种对态势估计问题进行推理的方法。该方法能够进行融合推理得到态势假设和事件之间的潜在关系,为决策提供依据。实例验证的结果表明,此方法对当前战场态势可给出有效的综合评价和理解,具有较高的可信性。     

C3I系统中的态势关联技术

态势关联是在态势估计前必须解决的一个问题,即要将不同时刻的态势数据进行关联,得到各个时刻态势数据中描述的目标间的关系。对时间间隔比较长的态势数据的关联,研究了一种基于模糊推理的态势关联方法,综合考虑了目标属性信息和状态信息、战场环境信息、指挥人员的态势预估计知识,通过推理得到关联的结果。     

贝叶斯网络用于作战态势评估

作为一种知识表示和进行概率推理的框架,贝叶斯网络在具有内在不确定性的推理和决策问题中得到了广泛的应用.因果推理是态势评估中的一个重要环节,用贝叶斯网络找出态势假设和事件之间的潜在关系,正是态势评估所需完成的功能.提出了构建贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的步骤,分析了态势估计系统事件的层次.给出一个具体的实例,演示了使用贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的过程.     

C3I系统中的态势关联技术

态势关联是在态势估计前必须解决的一个问题,即要将不同时刻的态势数据进行关联,得到各个时刻态势数据中描述的目标间的关系.对时间间隔比较长的态势数据的关联,研究了一种基于模糊推理的态势关联方法,综合考虑了目标属性信息和状态信息、战场环境信息、指挥人员的态势预估计知识,通过推理得到关联的结果.     

战场态势估计的理论体系研究

态势估计是数据融合体系中的一个重要层次。战场态势估计在现代作战中发挥了越来越重要的作用,但到目前为止关于态势估计的理论体系还没有一种比较统一的看法。本文从态势估计在数据融合中的地位出发,以态势估计处理融合数据的具体流程为根据,建立了三个层次的态势估计层次结构,解决了关于态势估计具体需要研究的内容问题。     

信息化战场环境下态势估计系统及其仿真技术

态势估计是数据融合体系中的一个重要层次.在当前信息化战争的环境下,态势估计技术在战斗中的作用显得尤为重要,目前国内关于态势估计的研究大多数处在概念研究的阶段.分析了态势估计的基本原理,给出了在信息化战场环境中态势估计的处理流程,构建了一个基于专家系统的态势估计系统,并采用HLA技术,利用VR_Force和VC开发了一套空战态势估计仿真系统.     

防空反导智能战场态势估计研究

在军事科技理论面临着巨大变革的背景下,为解决防空反导战场态势估计智能化发展的问题,通过对态势估计的三层模型进行分析以及对防空反导态势的要素构成进行探讨,研究了OODA环中防空反导态势估计的过程,建立了防空反导智能战场态势估计的系统模型,深入地探讨了阻碍防空反导智能化战场态势估计研究的五方面问题以及有望解决问题的关键技术措施,从而为防空反导智能战场态势估计研究提供了新思路。     

用于态势估计的贝叶斯网络方法

态势估计系统需要对大量的不确定性知识进行处理,不确定性知识表示和推理是态势估计中的研究热点.利用贝叶斯网络技术,可以实现对不确定性知识的处理.为此讨论了贝叶斯网络理论,详细分析了态势估计的功能模型,提出事件检测是态势估计的核心和起点,研究了用于态势估计的贝叶斯网络的构建方法.该方法充分考虑贝叶斯网络的几项基本要素,可以解决态势估计领域中贝叶斯网络的构建问题.贝叶斯网络技术在态势估计领域具有广阔的前景,将极大地推动态势估计系统的发展.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.