基于神经网络的机动目标自适应跟踪算法

非机动或弱机动目标的跟踪精度和稳定性问题一直困绕着人们,根据机动目标"当前"统计模型和均值与方差自适应滤波算法,建设性提出了基于神经网络的机动目标自适应跟踪算法,并以仿真实验给予了验证.     

一种改进机动目标跟踪算法跟踪精度分析

＂当前＂统计模型在一定程度上解决了机动目标跟踪问题,但是其加速度均值估计并不是最优估计,本文改进了＂当前＂统计模型的加速度估计方法。分析了机动加速度方差对跟踪精度的影响,同时进行了仿真验证.。仿真结果表明,改进预测算法的＂当前＂统计模型对高速机动目标的跟踪具有一定的优势.     

非线性系统中的机动目标跟踪算法

对于非线性系统中的机动目标跟踪问题 ,首先针对“当前”统计模型的缺陷提出了一种修正算法 ,然后应用转换测量Kalman滤波算法进行跟踪。仿真结果表明在非线性观测条件下 ,算法明显提高了对弱机动和非机动目标的跟踪性能 ,同时保持了对强机动目标的高性能跟踪     

用改进的"当前"统计模型对机动目标快速跟踪

当空中目标机动时,如何快速实现对机动目标的自适应跟踪,是雷达情报处理系统中必须解决的问题之一.对多种目标模型进行比较,选用了"当前"统计模型,并对模型进行改进,以达到对机动目标快速跟踪.此算法已在雷达情报指挥自动化系统中得到广泛应用.     

改进的强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波的机动目标跟踪北大核心

机动目标的跟踪在实际中有着广泛的应用,其核心问题是机动建模和滤波算法。采用当前统计模型和容积卡尔曼滤波对机动目标进行跟踪。针对容积卡尔曼滤波在目标突发机动时跟踪性能较差的问题,借鉴强跟踪滤波思想,将渐消因子引入滤波过程,提出了一种改进的强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法实现简单,估计精度高,鲁棒性强。仿真结果表明,该算法有效增强了系统对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力,并保持了对弱机动和非机动目标良好的跟踪性能,且运算速度较快。     

用于机动目标跟踪的自适应交互式多模型算法

针对当前统计模型对弱机动或非机动目标跟踪效果不理想等问题,提出了一种修正当前统计模型与匀速模型的自适应交互式多模型算法,可在线修正当前统计模型的加速度极限值,调整过程噪声方差,提高了当前统计模型的自适应性。同时,通过在常规匀速模型中引入机动检测机制,抑制了常规匀速模型对机动目标跟踪的滤波发散,通过引入强跟踪算法,增强了模型对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力。仿真结果表明,该算法充分发挥了当前统计模型和交互式多模型算法的优势,对强机动和弱机动目标都具有很好的效果。     

只有角度测量的机动目标非线性预测滤波器设计

提出了一种直接根据信息的机动目标跟踪非线性预测滤波算法,该算法不需要假定目标的机动加速度模型,而将系统的初始状态偏差和机动目标的未知加速度的综合作用结果作为系统的未知输入,利用角度的测量信息直接估计出来。通过对不同机动形式的机动目标进行仿真,结果表明文章所提出的预测滤波算法具有优良的估计性能。     

机动目标模型的研究进展

回顾了近年来机动目标模型的研究与发展;重点分析讨论了Singer模型、"当前"统计模型、自适应当前输入统计模型、Jerk模型及坐标转弯模型的优缺点,指出了各个模型的局限性,并得出有意义的结论;最后指出了机动目标模型研究的难点及未来的研究方向.     

几种机动目标运动模型的跟踪性能对比

机动目标跟踪是目标定位与跟踪领域研究的难点问题之一.在分析Singer模型、"当前"统计模型、速度估计自适应模型的基础上,对这三种模型及算法进行仿真,给出了上述三种模型跟踪机动目标的精度与实时性的比较结果.     

改进的强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波的机动目标跟踪

机动目标的跟踪在实际中有着广泛的应用,其核心问题是机动建模和滤波算法。采用当前统计模型和容积卡尔曼滤波对机动目标进行跟踪。针对容积卡尔曼滤波在目标突发机动时跟踪性能较差的问题,借鉴强跟踪滤波思想,将渐消因子引入滤波过程,提出了一种改进的强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法实现简单,估计精度高,鲁棒性强。仿真结果表明,该算法有效增强了系统对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力,并保持了对弱机动和非机动目标良好的跟踪性能,且运算速度较快。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.