高动态环境下GPS信号跟踪算法

在GPS导航定位系统中,高动态环境下产生的多普勒频移直接影响接收机跟踪性能.为了克服多普勒频移影响,对高速飞行旋转体GPS接收机跟踪环路进行研究.根据高速飞行旋转体GPS接收机载波信号的数学模型,提出在GPS接收机跟踪环路建立包含姿态信息的载波信号卡尔曼滤波模型,并对环路的跟踪性能进行MATLAB仿真.结果表明,此算法的跟踪环路带宽窄,能有效抑制噪声干扰,较好地实现了对旋转信号的跟踪.     

无人机卫星导航系统的电磁干扰态势评估方法

在战场复杂电磁环境下,卫星导航接收机很容易受到电磁干扰而出现不定位的现象,针对这一现象,提出了一种基于环境感知无人机卫星导航接收机的电磁干扰态势评估方法。以干扰信号的特征参数、导航接收机未受干扰时的接收状态作为预测的输入,以接收机跟踪环路失锁时的效应阈值作为观测目标值,建立了极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting, XGBoost)的预测模型。在此基础上,给出了导航接收机电磁干扰态势的等级,提出了导航接收机在单源和双源电磁干扰下的态势评估方法。通过与高斯过程回归和支持向量机回归的预测方法进行比较,结果表明XGBoost方法具有更好的预测精度。依据该预测方法,综合利用技战术方案,有利于提高无人机在复杂电磁环境中的适应能力。     

自旋载体中的超紧组合GNSS接收机跟踪环路设计

自旋载体是全球导航卫星系统接收机的一种典型应用。当全球导航卫星系统载体自旋时,旋转产生的高阶动态将导致传统跟踪环路失锁;全球导航卫星系统与惯性导航系统组合可以有效补偿信号的高阶动态。因此,提出了一种利用惯性导航信息辅助卫星导航信号跟踪的超紧组合导航接收机环路设计方法,并分析了惯性导航信息辅助速率、自旋载体转速和信号载波相位误差之间的关系。通过仿真验证了所提接收机环路结构可以有效解决自旋载体接收机的信号跟踪问题,且相比于卫星导航单系统三阶环路而言,所提超紧组合环路结构可以显著提升自旋载体接收机的定位精度。     

卫星导航抗干扰最优接收机与相关接收机性能分析

为减小抗干扰接收机硬件实现难度,深入研究单天线卫星导航抗干扰相关接收机的性能,并详细分析其频域响应、信干噪比损耗和相关输出函数。分析表明,抗干扰最优接收机与相关接收机信干噪比损耗随着干扰带宽和干扰强度的增加而增大,随干扰频率与中心频率偏差和噪声带宽的增加而减小。此外,干扰将引起抗干扰接收机匹配与相关输出主峰降低和旁瓣抬高,从而影响接收机捕获、跟踪和多径抑制性能。研究结果将为卫星导航抗干扰接收机的优化设计提供依据。     

利用实时小波降噪的抗电离层闪烁载波跟踪

电离层闪烁影响下的导航信号载波跟踪呈现非平稳、非线性和非高斯特性,这使得传统基于鉴别器和Kalman滤波的载波跟踪改进算法并不能有效减弱电离层闪烁的影响。提出了基于实时小波降噪的抗电离层闪烁载波跟踪算法,其能够更好地刻画闪烁信号的非平稳特性。通过对跟踪环路同相与正交支路的积分结果进行小波降噪,有效滤除了电离层闪烁引入的非高斯噪声,减弱了闪烁对环路鉴别器的不良影响,提高了跟踪环路的精度与稳健性。实验验证了相关分析和小波降噪跟踪算法的有效性。     

微波脉冲对导航接收机跟踪环路载噪比的影响

为了明确微波脉冲对导航接收机的最佳干扰参数,通过对微波脉冲干扰下导航接收机跟踪环路相关处理的理论分析,根据微波脉冲谱线、扩频码谱线以及相干积分时间三者之间的关系,提出一种微波脉冲干扰分类方法,推导了不同参数微波脉冲干扰下相关输出功率和载噪比,并进行了试验验证。理论分析与试验结果表明,当微波脉冲宽度大于等于扩频码周期且小于相干积分时间时,进入相干积分器带宽内的多条微波脉冲谱线干扰某一条扩频码谱线,该微波脉冲参数对导航接收机的干扰效果最佳,且优于连续波干扰;随着干扰谱线数量增多,跟踪环路相关输出功率值增加,载噪比减小,干扰效果增强。     

级联结构的阵列天线导航接收机抗干扰及多径抑制方法

阵列信号处理技术因其能够提供空域分辨能力已被广泛应用于卫星导航接收机领域以实现抗干扰和多径抑制。根据干扰和多径信号对导航接收机基带处理影响的不同提出了一种以数字相关器为界线划分的抗干扰与多径抑制两级处理结构:第一级处理在解扩前估计阵列接收数据的空时协方差矩阵,根据干扰信号功率远大于导航信号及噪声的特点利用子空间投影技术实现抗干扰;第二级处理在解扩后进行空间平滑解相干处理,利用基于Householder变换的广义旁瓣相消技术进行波束形成以实现多径抑制。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该级联处理技术能够有效地压制强干扰,并显著减小多径信号对导航接收机伪码测量的影响。     

等效载噪比评估全球导航卫星系统接收机误码率的适应性分析

等效载噪比是全球导航卫星系统接收机捕获、数据解调和跟踪性能的重要指标。近年来,研究人员取得大量以等效载噪比为指标的干扰影响分析研究成果,但鲜有等效载噪比适应性分析。为此,展开等效载噪比适应性研究。在推导单频干扰下接收机等效载噪比和误码率模型基础上,得出特定条件下等效载噪比评估数据解调性能失效的结论。同时,深入分析等效载噪比失效的机理,给出等效载噪比指标的适用条件。仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

卫星/MIMU嵌入式导航接收机抗干扰性能分析

为了提高武器在恶劣敌对环境中的生存能力,高抗干扰的嵌入式导航技术越来越受到研究者的关注。在分析卫星/MIMU嵌入式组合导航接收机系统原理的基础上,详细分析了采用MIMU信息辅助卫星接收机跟踪环路,提高多普勒频率估算精度,达到提高系统动态性能和抗干扰性能的要求。然后进一步分析了卫星/MIMU嵌入式组合导航接收机系统抗干扰能力,并以GPS接收机为例,对GPS/MIMU嵌入式导航接收机抗干扰性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,卫星/MIMU嵌入式组合导航接收机比一般的卫星接收机跟踪抗干扰性能至少有11dB的提高。     

对GPS接收机的欺骗式干扰试验研究

GPS欺骗式干扰具有发射功率小,抗干扰难度大的特点,分为转发式干扰与产生式干扰。利用卫星信号模拟器产生包含错误导航信息的GPS民用C/A码欺骗信号,通过直接侵入和压制式干扰辅助两种方式进入接收机的捕获跟踪环路,对已定位的某款GPS接收机实施欺骗干扰。试验结果表明,直接侵入方式下,通过合理控制欺骗信号功率,接收机定位被扰乱,但定位结果并未被成功欺骗至预设位置;压制式干扰辅助方式下,接收机成功误定位于预设位置,验证了对GPS接收机进行欺骗式干扰的可行性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.