采用编码降维及DTW算法改进的船舶航迹聚类

船舶航迹的时序特性在船舶航迹异常检测中至关重要,为了提取船舶航迹的时序特性,提出了一种基于编码降维及DTW(dynamic time warping)算法改进的船舶航迹聚类算法。为了避免二维时间序列DTW度量容易失去属性之间相关性的问题,该算法提出一种编码降维方法将船舶二维时间序列转化为一维时间序列;为了满足计算效率要求,该算法首先从最小粒度压缩角度对DTW算法进行了改进,然后又从度量搜索角度对DTW算法实现进一步的改进。实验结果表明编码降维后的时间序列有效保留了属性之间的相关性;改进后的DTW算法有效提高了计算效率;同时该航迹聚类算法有效提取出船舶航迹的时序特性。     

用于指挥控制的语音实时识别系统探讨

信息科学的发展对指挥控制的技术提出更高的要求,语音识别将是车载、机载、舰载综合电子设备中一项不可缺少的内容。但海、陆、空等指挥控制环境中高噪声的存在及其导致的话者语音变化,为语音识别系统的可靠应用带来了困难,要解决这个问题,就必须研制具有抗噪声能力的语音识别系统。本文基于语音识别的基本原理,通过对噪声特性及其对语音识别影响的分析,从提高系统的鲁棒性入手,探讨了抗噪声语音实时识别系统     

一种对丢包具有鲁棒性的语音编码算法—iLBC

文中介绍了一种适用于网络的,对丢包具有鲁棒性的语音编码算法——iLBC。iLBC在编码时先进行LPC分析,然后对LPC残差信号采用自适应码本编码,这个自适应码本与传统的CELP算法中的自适应码本不同,没有利用语音帧之间的相关性,使得iLBC算法对丢包具有鲁棒性;解码时如果有语音包丢失,则采用丢包隐藏(PLC)算法。介绍了iLBC编解码算法的基本原理;重点分析了iLBC的自适应码本编码方式以及丢包隐藏算法(PLC);比较了在丢包率相同的情况下,iLBC和ITU-T G.729A的MOS分,结果表明,iLBC更适合于有丢包的网络。     

基于LPC残差用频域法来实现基音周期变换

基音周期变换是文—语转换和语音转换的重要内容。在语音转换中有很多作者主张基于LPC分析来实现语音转换,通过直接或间接调整LPC系数来实现频谱包络的转换,而基音周期的转换则通过对LPC激励谱或LPC残差的处理来实现。提出对LPC残差用频域法来进行处理,得到改变了基音周期的LPC残差,从而实现语音的基音周期的变换。这种方法也可以用于文—语转换的基音周期改变中。     

基于动态时间规整下密度聚类的轨迹识别研究

为使地空导弹兵模拟训练系统获得的目标机动轨迹更加贴近实战、更有依据性,考虑对演习训练产生的轨迹数据进行分析,设计了DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,针对有噪声数据的基于密度的空间聚类)预分类的DBSCAN改进DTW(Dynamic Time Warping,动态时间归整)聚类算法来分析机动轨迹.并与未预分类的DBSCAN改进DTW聚类算法进行对比,发现其运行效率和分类准确度方面均较优.同时分析了数据结构和算法的参数对分类效果的影响,发现数据规模越大,DBSCAN预分类的DBSCAN改进DTW聚类算法的优势越明显.通过仿真得到了使DBSCAN预分类的DBSCAN改进DTW聚类算法发挥最高效率的参数.     

舰炮对空射击指挥控制数学模型的优化与仿真

新型作战舰艇舰炮武器系统火控台内配置了舰炮射击指挥软件,实现了射击指挥自动化,使得舰炮射击更加科学化,同时也大大地减轻了射击指挥员的负担.但是,对空射击指挥软件确立的数学模型存在一些缺陷.分析了该数学模型的缺陷,提出了改进方法,给出改进后的数学模型,并对改进前后模型分别进行仿真计算.计算结果表明,改进后的数学模型解算出来的射击方式能提高舰炮武器系统对空作战效能.     

坚持“五个结合”抓好后勤指挥自动化系统建设

后勤信息化建设的关键是实现后勤指挥自动化,后勤指挥自动化建设的重点是后勤指挥自动化系统的构建。文章认为,抓好后勤指挥自动化系统建设必须坚持做到"五个结合",即:内外结合,实现后勤指挥自动化系统与作战指挥自动化系统一体化;统分结合,实现后勤指挥自动化系统内的一体化;平战结合,提高系统建设效益;建改结合,不断完善系统功能;人机结合,增强系统的指挥效能。     

语音识别技术在射击指挥模拟训练中的应用

介绍了分队射击指挥模拟训练系统的概念,分析了模拟训练中语音通信机制.将语音识别系统引入模拟训练系统中,并就应用中存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了解决方法.     

一种基于线性预测的语音认证算法

针对传统语音认证算法不适用于资源受限的移动通信终端语音通信的实时性要求,提出了一种高效的基于线性预测分析的语音认证算法。该算法基于语音信号的线性预测分析的原理对LPC系数参数进行优化,并对构成的LPC系数矩阵进行后处理、非负矩阵分解和量化,形成感知特征序列。实验结果表明:所提算法对于内容保持操作具有良好的鲁棒性,并且运算效率没有降低,可以满足语音通信实时性的要求。     

军用实时语音识别系统的探讨

本文介绍并讨论语音识别军事应用的潜力和现状,给出我们建立的一个可用于军事作战指挥和多控制场合的小、中词汇表实时语音识别系统。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.