烧蚀材料对辐射烧蚀驱动的Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性影响

在惯性约束聚变靶丸内爆过程中,辐射烧蚀所产生的冲击波经过带有扰动的界面时,会触发Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性。惯性约束聚变内爆靶丸一般使用掺杂的CH塑料或者掺杂的Be材料作为烧蚀层,为了探索Be和CH塑料烧蚀层对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性抵抗能力,对界面预制单模正弦扰动的双层靶中Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性发展过程进行了理论分析与数值模拟。理论分析认为Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性线性增长率和X射线辐射温度、界面扰动波长、扰动振幅以及烧蚀层密度有较大关系。使用辐射流体力学程序对辐射温度高达100 eV的黑体谱X射线烧蚀界面带有扰动的双层靶进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,在相同的辐射烧蚀条件下,CH塑料/泡沫(CH/Foam)靶界面扰动增长比Be/Foam快,密度较大的Be对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性具有更强的抵抗能力。该研究结果对惯性约束聚变内爆靶丸的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

SPH算法在超高速碰撞数值模拟中的应用

采用大型动力学软件Ls-dyna中的SPH求解器,对球形弹丸超高速碰撞靶板的过程进行数值模拟。给出由于碰撞速度不同,而引起的不同的碎片云图像,以及不同的靶板破碎孔的尺寸。同时模拟了入射角度不同,而得到不同的超高速碰撞物理过程。初步分析结果表明数值模拟结果是合理的,较清晰地模拟了超高速碰撞下碎片云的生成、膨胀过程。另外,通过数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较分析,表明SPH方法得到的结果能描述相应的超高速碰撞现象。所以采用SPH算法针对超高速碰撞物理过程进行数值模拟是可行的。     

SPH数值模拟中固壁边界的一种处理方法

在光滑粒子流体动力学 (SPH)数值模拟中尝试了一种处理固壁边界的边界力方法 ,给出了一种新的边界力形式。利用SPH方法及边界力方法对水坝坍塌和涌波进入静止水塘这两个自由表面流动问题作了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明 ,在SPH计算中使用本文所给边界力处理固壁是行之有效的     

超高速碰撞形成一次碎片云特性

对超高速碰撞数值模拟方法进行了讨论.采用ANSYS/AUTODYN程序的SPH方法,对球形弹丸超高速撞击时弹丸的破碎、碎片云的形成及扩展过程进行数值模拟,其结果与实验结果进行比较,并验证了计算方法和模型参数的正确性.在此基础上采用数值模拟方法,对钨合金、轧制均质装甲及LY12铝三种材料的球形弹丸超高速撞击靶板之后形成的一次碎片云形貌及演化规律进行了研究,并基于量纲分析方法得出了碎片云特征参数(碎片云头部速度、径向最大膨胀速度及膨胀角)随初始撞击条件的变化规律。     

基于FEM/SPH算法的弹丸侵彻土体数值模拟

基于有限元法(FEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)结合的算法,用数值模拟了钢质弹丸对钢筒约束土体的侵彻过程。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析和LS-PrePost后处理软件,形象再现了钢质弹丸冲击作用下土体飞溅形成漏斗坑和直线通道的物理过程。侵彻深度计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,钢质弹丸的速度和加速度时程曲线图与理论分析一致,体现了FEM/SPH算法的精确性。研究结果表明FEM/SPH算法在模拟侵彻土体方面具有可行性和有效性。     

SPH的两种并行计算方案及其在自由表面流动模拟中的应用

针对光滑粒子动力学(SPH)主要计算量是近邻粒子搜索这一特点,提出了一种基于粒子分解的SPH并行计算方案。利用该方案可以方便的将任意串行SPH代码并行计算,而且每一个时间步内的信息传递量只和粒子总数有关,而和粒子的分布无关,因而特别适合于自由表面流动等大变形问题的并行数值模拟。对一个粒子总数为40万的三维溃坝问题的模拟结果表明,此方案能达到的最大加速比约为16,这一结果可能比空间分解方案(不考虑动态负载均衡)更优。     

运动液滴蒸发时传热传质过程的理论分析

对突然置入气体环境中的运动液滴的非稳态蒸发过程进行了传热传质过程的理论分析,建立了初始瞬间液滴非稳态蒸发的数学模型,并对模型进行数值求解.结果表明,在一定情况下,运动液滴突然置于气体环境中的初始瞬间,由于气液界面上与周围环境之间存在较大的浓度差,使得液滴在初始瞬间的蒸发速率很大,将会使气液界面的温度有所下降,这一温度的下降范围与液滴的初始温度、环境的初始温度以及液滴的运动速度有关.     

提高多管火箭炮发射火力密度研究

为了提高某多管火箭炮火力密度,提出采用两管对称齐射的方法缩短发射时间,减少火箭弹初始扰动的方案。建立多管火箭炮多体动力学模型,根据发射顺序的基本编制原则和考虑火箭炮采用两枚弹同时发射的影响因素拟定射序,对整个发射过程进行仿真,得到火箭初始扰动计算的火箭炮动态特性数据。经与原单发发射时对比,有效提高发射火力密度,并且也有利于提高火箭射击密集度。     

横向扰动对超声速混合层被动标量混合影响分析

采用大涡模拟数值计算二维空间发展的超声速混合层,重点分析横向扰动对混合层的标量结构、标量厚度以及标量体积卷吸率的影响。采用理论模型验证了数值方法在计算标量混合特性方面的准确性。结果表明,横向扰动频率和振幅明显影响着混合层的标量增长率和卷吸率。高频扰动增大了混合层近场标量增长率和卷吸率,但是低频扰动改善了混合层远场标量增长率。大尺度涡卷吸过程对混合层标量卷吸率起决定作用。多频扰动有效地增强了超声速混合层的标量混合。     

模拟刚性动能弹丸侵彻混凝土的FE-SPH方法

应用动力有限元与SPH相结合的方法对刚性动性弹丸高速侵彻混凝土靶进行了数值模拟分析,使用HJC本构建模型描述混凝土。计算结果与在57气体炮上所获得的实验数据基本吻合,并能再现侵彻过程中弹的运动及混凝土的飞散、应力波的传播等物理现象。计算结果说明这种新的算法及HJC本构模型用来描述混凝土的侵彻问题是可行和有效的。     

An efficient SPH methodology for modelling mechanical characteristics of particulate composites

Particulate composites are one of the widely used materials in producing numerous state-of-the-art components in biomedical, automobile, aerospace including defence technology. Variety of modelling techniques have been adopted in the past to model mechanical behaviour of particulate composites. Due to their favourable properties, particle-based methods provide a convenient platform to model failure or fracture of these composites. Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of such methods which demonstrate excellent potential for modelling failure or fracture of particulate composites in a Lagrangian setting. One of the major challenges in using SPH method for modelling composite materials depends on accurate and efficient way to treat interface and boundary conditions. In this paper, a master-slave method based multi-freedom constraints is proposed to impose essential boundary conditions and interfacial displacement constraints in modelling mechanical behaviour of composite materials using SPH method. The proposed methodology enforces the above constraints more accurately and requires only smaller condition number for system stiffness matrix than the procedures based on typical penalty function approach. A minimum cut-off value-based error criteria is employed to improve the compu-tational efficiency of the proposed methodology. In addition, the proposed method is further enhanced by adopting a modified numerical interpolation scheme along the boundary to increase the accuracy and computational efficiency. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed master-slave approach yields better accuracy in enforcing displacement constraints and requires approximately the same computational time as that of penalty method.     

Characteristics structure analysis on debris cloud in the hypervelocity impact of disk projectile on thin plate

In this paper, the gauge points setting is introduced in the SPH simulation to analyze the debris cloud structure generated by the hypervelocity impact of disk projectile on thin plate. Compared with the experiments, more detailed information of the debris cloud structure can be classified from the numerical simulation. However, due to the solitary dispersion and overlap display of the particles in the SPH simulation, accurate comparison between numerical and experimental results is difficult to be performed. To track the velocity and spatial distribution of the particles in the debris cloud induced from disk and plate, gauge points are locally set in the single-layer profile in the SPH model. By analyzing the gauge points’ spatial coordinate and velocity, the location and velocity of characteristic points in the debris cloud are determined. The boundary of debris cloud is achieved, as well as the fragments distribution outside the main structure of debris cloud.     

改进的接触算法及其在光滑粒子流体动力学中的应用

采用以黎曼解描述粒子间相互作用的接触算法,模拟一维情况下包含间断的流场。在弱间断的条件下,采用弱波近似的黎曼解来描述粒子间的相互作用;在强间断的条件下,则引入非迭代黎曼解来描述粒子间的相互作用。并引入Taylor展开思想,提高了接触算法在自由边界的计算精度。该算法无需引入人为粘性,程序结构简洁。数值计算表明,改进后的接触算法能很好地描述强间断,并有效改善了原始接触算法在自由面的计算缺陷。     

Experimental and numerical study of the blast wave decrease using sandwich panel by granular materials core

Among the intrinsic properties of some materials, e.g., foams, porous materials, and granular materials, are their ability to mitigate shock waves. This paper investigated shock wave mitigation by a sandwich panel with a granular core. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed using Autodyn hydro-code software and a shock tube, respectively. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model granular materials. Sawdust and pumice, whose properties were determined by several compression tests, were used as granular materials in the sandwich panel core. These granular materials possess many mechanisms, including compacting (e.g., sawdust) and crushing (e.g., pumice) that mitigate shock/blast wave. The results indicated the ineffectiveness of using a core with low thickness, yet it was demonstrated to be effective with high thickness. Low-thickness pumice yielded better results for wave mitigation. The use of these materials with a core with appropriate core reduces up to 88% of the shock wave. The results of the experiments and numerical simulations were compared, suggesting a good agreement between the two. This indicates the accuracy of simulation and the ability of the SPH method to modeling granular material under shock loading. The effects of grain size and the coefficient of friction between grains have also been investigated using simulation, implying that increasing the grain size and coefficient of friction between grains both reduce overpressure.     

Interface defeat studies of long-rod projectile impacting on ceramic targets

The interface defeat phenomenon always occurs when a long-rod projectile impacting on the ceramic target with certain velocity, i.e., the projectile is forced to flow radially on the surface of ceramic plates for a period of time without significant penetration. Interface defeat has a direct effect upon the ballistic performance of the armor piercing projectile, which is studied numerically and theoretically at present. Firstly, by modeling the projectiles and ceramic targets with the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) particles and Lagrange finite elements, the systematic numerical simulations on interface defeat are performed with the commercial finite element program AUTODYN. Three different responses, i.e., complete interface defeat, dwell and direct penetration, are reproduced in different types of ceramic targets (bare, buffered, radially confined and oblique). Furthermore, by adopting the validated numerical algorithms, constitutive models and the corresponding material parameters, the influences of projectile (material, diameter, nose shape), constitutive models of ceramic (JH-1 and JH-2 models), buffer and cover plate (thickness, constraints, material), as well as the prestress acted on the target (radial and hydrostatic) on the interface defeat (transition velocity and dwell time) are systematically investigated. Finally, based on the energy conservation approach and taking the strain rate effect of ceramic material into account, a modified model for predicting the upper limit of transition velocity is proposed and validated. The present work and derived conclusions can provide helpful reference for the design and optimization of both the long-rod projectile and ceramic armor.     

Experimental and numerical study of the fragmentation of expanding warhead casings by using different numerical codes and solution techniques

There has been increasing interest in numerical simulations of fragmentation of expanding warheads in 3D. Accordingly there is a pressure on developers of leading commercial codes, such as LS-DYNA, AUTODYN and IMPETUS Afea, to implement the reliable fracture models and the efficient solution techniques. The applicability of the Johnson–Cook strength and fracture model is evaluated by comparing the fracture behaviour of an expanding steel casing of a warhead with experiments. The numerical codes and different numerical solution techniques, such as Eulerian, Lagrangian, Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), and the corpuscular models recently implemented in IMPETUS Afea are compared. For the same solution techniques and material models we find that the codes give similar results. The SPH technique and the corpuscular technique are superior to the Eulerian technique and the Lagrangian technique (with erosion) when it is applied to materials that have fluid like behaviour such as the explosive and the tracer. The Eulerian technique gives much larger calculation time and both the Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques seem to give less agreement with our measurements. To more correctly simulate the fracture behaviours of the expanding steel casing, we applied that ductility decreases with strain rate. The phenomena may be explained by the realization of adiabatic shear bands. An implemented node splitting algorithm in IMPETUS Afea seems very promising.     

固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体裙黏接性能分析

采用数值计算方法研究复合材料壳体裙连接结构的黏接性能。通过建立纤维缠绕壳体的有限元模型,采用内聚力模型定义裙黏接面的接触关系,引入黏接界面的损伤失效准则,模拟黏接界面的脱黏行为,以此预测裙连接结构的极限承载。同时,研究壳体的轴向和环向应变及黏接面上的剪应力分布情况,以及弹性层的弹性模量与黏接长度对黏接性能的影响。数值算例表明,计算结果与实验数据相吻合,验证了该方法的正确性。所提方法可用于裙连接结构的优化设计中。