基于BDD算法的航天测控系统任务可靠性建模与分析

提出了一种航天测控系统的层次化建模方法,以及测控任务可靠性二元决策图(BDD)分析算法。在模型底层描述了测控系统的结构和任务需求信息,模型顶层将测控资源与任务进行统一,将测控单元任务弧段切割成不同阶段,建立了任务可靠性的故障树模型。采用ITE算法将故障树模型转换为BDD模型,并给出了BDD模型的计算方法。最后,运用实例说明了方法的有效性,进行了测控任务可靠性的灵敏度分析,找出了系统的薄弱环节。     

基于速度可控粒子群算法的航天测控系统任务可靠性分配

航天测控系统是一个典型的多阶段任务系统,讨论了可靠性分配时的约束条件和分配目标,构建了其任务可靠性分配模型,针对任务可靠性分配这类复杂的约束组合优化问题,提出了一种速度可控的粒子群优化算法.为克服粒子群算法的早熟问题,该算法引入了速度更新的方向控制规则和尺度控制规则用于增加群体的多样性,并根据两种控制规则,提出了种群粒子的速度更新策略.通过算例仿真,表明算法在用于航天测控系统任务可靠性分配问题时具有分配结果优、收敛速度快等优点.     

三级装备保障体系下舰艇编队任务持续能力评估仿真模型

舰艇编队执行作战任务通常实施舰员级、中继级和基地级三级保障。对舰艇编队任务持续能力进行评估,可为科学规划各级装备保障资源提供决策依据。首先,在分析舰艇编队任务与装备保障体系运行机制的基础上,基于扩展的面向对象Petri网模型(generalized object-oriented Petri net, GOOPN)描述了舰艇编队任务持续能力评估顶层对象子网、舰艇编队任务对象子网、舰艇单元装备系统对象子网和装备保障体系对象子网;然后,建立了三级装备保障体系下舰艇编队任务持续能力评估仿真模型;最后,通过仿真实例分析说明了该模型的有效性。     

中心计算机测控软件系统实时过程监测研究

根据航天测控领域对中心计算机测控软件系统进行实时监测的实际需求,结合基于UNIX平台的实时测控软件系统具有的多进程多线程并发运行、信息流量大、接口关系复杂、实时性强、可靠性高等特点,在仿真终端配置方案支持下,采用监测模型、网络SOCKET编程、数字地图制作等技术,研制了以图形、曲线、图表等方式监测被测目标飞行过程及中心计算机测控软件运行状态的监测软件.该软件为靶场提供了有效的监测手段.监测软件的应用对确保中心计算机的可靠运行、高效地完成飞行试验任务具有重要意义.     

面向对象的Petri网及其在C~3I系统分析中的应用

面向对象技术和Petri网理论已日益成为复杂系统设计和分析中的两种必不可缺的工具。本文介绍了一种基于面向对象的Petri网(OOPN)模型,并将之运用到C~3I系统的建模和分析中,不但可以解决系统结构的复杂性和抽象性问题,又使得所设计系统具有更好的可扩充性和易维护性。     

航天测控软件共用技术研究与实现

软件共用是航天测控软件的发展趋势,分析了航天测控软件共用的可行性,并选取火箭遥测软件作为原型验证系统,提出了解决方案和设计方法,采用ICE中间件和构件技术实现了该原型验证系统,经测试验证,分布式部署的原型验证软件各项指标满足测控任务软件的技术要求,对航天测控软件共用研究具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

基于对象的有色Petri网舰载C3I系统模型

将面向对象的分析方法和有色Petri网相结合而得到的对象有色Petri网(OCPN),将会为研究舰载C3I系统提供一种有力的工具.通过分析舰载C3I系统组成和相互关系,建立了舰载C3I系统的OCPN模型,并讨论了该模型的特点和在舰载C3I系统性能分析领域中的应用前景.     

面向对象的燃气发生器地面试验柔性控制模型与实现

根据燃气发生器地面试验对控制的需求,分析了其控制行为,提出了面向对象的燃气发生器地面试验柔性控制模型。模型先进合理,符合目前测控技术发展的方向。在该模型基础上实现了柔性控制系统,能够满足各种型号的燃气发生器地面试验对控制的需求,并在试验中得到了成功的应用。与以前的控制系统相比,该系统具有可靠性高、结构简单、操作简单灵活等特点。     

航天测控系统分层协调控制模型

针对大型航天测控系统的综合控制问题,依据航天测控系统的工作流程,参考分层递阶控制理论,设计了面向任务过程的分层协调控制结构;基于离散事件动态系统监控理论,采用逻辑层次的自动机建模方法,分别针对任务规划、过程协调、执行控制和系统监视建立各自的离散自动机控制模型。以简化的测控系统为例,验证了自动机控制模型的有效性,并基于分层协调控制结构描述了自动机模型的约束、输入输出关系。     

美国航天测控系统的构成及发展

文章介绍了航天测控系统的类型与功能;总结了美国的卫星测控网、载人航天测控网、深空网和军事航天测控网等不同类型测控系统及其发展历程;最后分析了美国航天测控系统发展的特点与趋势。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.