一种面向抗ARM作战的火控雷达目标跟踪

从火控雷达抗反辐射导弹的迫切需求出发,提出了间歇式目标跟踪方法,以期实现对反辐射导弹载机的准确跟踪和对反辐射导弹的有效对抗。在对反辐射导弹载机运动轨迹进行分析建模的基础上,提出了固定步长式自适应滤波算法和归一化自适应滤波算法,同时提出了系统跟踪性能的评估指标,并进一步对不同算法下的跟踪效果进行了仿真。通过对比和分析,验证了所提出的跟踪方法的有效性。     

基于提升的双自适应小波变换算法研究

小波变换的传统提升算法的滤波器固定，不能随输入信号的变化而改变，针对该问题，结合现有的自适应算法，提出一种双自适应小波变换算法，并对该算法的更新和预测过程进行了自适应调整。实验证明，该算法比传统的提升算法和单纯的自适应更新或自适应预测算法具有更优越的性能。     

基于AHP和集对分析的自适应伪装系统综合评级

为了全面评价自适应伪装系统的综合性能,提出了集对分析法的3级模型,并构建各层级指标的联系度算法和综合置信度的等级确定方法。从技术指标、勤务指标、环境指标和维护指标4个方面细化了2个层级的指标体系,并提出各指标归一化方法。依据自适应伪装系统适应背景的实时性提出划分准则,构建各指标等级区间。运用层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process,AHP）得到2个层级指标的权重。提供的算例验证了方法的可行性和有效性,能够为自适应伪装系统的应用定位提供参考。     

一种修正的自适应网格交互多模型算法

将径向速度引入到自适应网格交互多模型算法中,并针对自适应网格算法在跟踪过程中网格中心不稳定的问题增添模型集改变阈值,提出了一种修正的自适应网格交互多模型算法。同时对一些关键参数作了深入研究。仿真表明,提出的修正算法提高了算法稳定性,增强了模型滤波器与真实运动模式的匹配程度,减小了跟踪的速度误差和距离误差,很好地改善了跟踪性能,并具有全面自适应的跟踪能力。     

一种新型杂波环境下突发机动目标跟踪算法

针对杂波环境下突发机动目标跟踪性能下降问题,提出了一种基于自适应匀加速模型的交互式自适应概率数据关联算法。该算法在交互式概率关联算法基础上,采用带渐消因子的自适应匀加速模型(ACA)与匀速模型(CV)相交互,克服了卡尔曼和扩展卡尔曼滤波的三大缺陷,保证了在突发机动下的良好跟踪性能,扩大了机动目标的跟踪范围,实现了杂波环...     

基于 MMSE 准则的盲自适应多用户检测算法

基于MMSE准则提出了一种新的盲自适应多用户检测算法 ,分析了该算法的性能并进行了仿真实验。理论分析及仿真实验表明 ,该算法具有较低的复杂度 ,且性能要优于MOE检测器     

双变因子LMS自适应滤波算法

为提高最小均方(LMS)自适应滤波算法的性能,在步长因子与误差信号满足一种改进的Sigmoid函数关系式的基础上,提出了一种双变因子控制下的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。该算法具有初始状态收敛速度快、稳定状态均方误差小、抗噪声性能好、适应系统跃变能力强的优点。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的优越性。     

基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS算法

针对传统最小均方误差(Least Mean Square, LMS)自适应滤波算法由于步长固定,在解决稳态误差与收敛性之间的关系时,始终处于矛盾状态的问题,在对传统的固定步长LMS自适应滤波算法分析的基础上,根据变步长LMS自适应滤波算法的步长调整原则,通过构造步长因子与误差信号的非线性函数,提出了一种基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS自适应滤波算法,并分析了参数取值对算法性能的影响。针对实际信号处理过程中参考信号难以选取的问题,提出了一种基于分裂阵的参考信号选取方法。理论和海试数据分析结果表明:该算法的收敛速度和稳态误差明显优于固定步长的LMS自适应滤波算法和基于Sigmoid函数的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。     

自适应强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器载波环设计

针对自适应Q_k/R_k卡尔曼滤波算法在大频偏或运动场景切换时存在收敛速度慢、易失锁问题,提出了一种自适应强跟踪滤波算法,该算法从自适应Q_k/R_k卡尔曼滤波算法出发,引入强跟踪技术。在稳态场景下,采用自适应Q_k/R_k算法保证跟踪环路有较好的跟踪精度;当场景变化时,自适应强跟踪算法保证跟踪环路有更稳健的动态性能。仿真结果表明,所提出的设计方法能够有效提高载波跟踪环路的跟踪精度和鲁棒性。     

基于二次繁殖的自适应差分演化算法

分析了差分演化算法的基本原理，针对基本差分演化算法对控制参数选择敏感性强、算法后期收敛速度较慢等问题，提出了基于二次繁殖的自适应差分演化算法，并通过实验对改进算法的性能进行测试。实验结果表明，改进算法的性能优于基本差分演化算法和自适应差分演化算法。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.