全寿命费用管理方法在军队装备经费管理中的应用研究

全寿命费用管理方法是切实控制装备费用增长的有效途径,我军装备经费引入全寿命费用管理是一种必然趋势。文章在分析装备经费实行全寿命费用管理的意义和现状的基础上,认为加强全寿命费用管理,必须提高人们对全寿命费用管理方法的认识,切实落实各级全寿命费用管理决策机构的责任,在满足既定作战性能要求的条件下,发展军事装备应以全寿命费用最小为目标,牢牢抓住降低全寿命费用的关键,提高装备的可靠性,不断加强全寿命费用管理研究,逐步完善全寿命费用管理的理论和方法。     

加速寿命试验研究综述

在国防武器设备和民用工业等领域,高可靠、长寿命产品被大量研发和生产,因而可以提前暴露该类产品薄弱环节的加速寿命试验技术得到了广泛研究和应用。介绍了加速寿命试验技术常用的试验类型和寿命分布,阐述了基于不同寿命分布的加速寿命试验数据统计方法,对新兴的步降应力加速寿命试验技术和加速寿命试验优化设计方法的研究状况进行了总结和分析,对未来加速寿命试验技术在军用后勤装备领域的研究进行了展望。     

滚动轴承加速寿命试验技术研究

为了有效地获取滚动轴承具有可比性的加速寿命试验数据,利用已有加速寿命试验相关标准,结合实际滚动轴承加速寿命试验设计和实施中积累的经验,深入分析滚动轴承加速寿命试验过程中遇到的各种问题,提出一套完整的滚动轴承加速寿命试验方法。该方法对相关标准没有涉及的试验前检查、试验条件一致性分析和试验数据的处理方法进行了补充并对加速寿命试验进行深入分析,形成完整的滚动轴承加速寿命试验解决方案,可以有效地指导滚动轴承加速寿命试验的设计和实施。     

舰船经济寿命分析方法

针对舰船系统经济寿命的确定问题,介绍了舰船经济寿命分析5个阶段和舰船寿命周期费用的组成,给出了确定舰船经济寿命的方法。为装备更新决策提供依据,对武器装备的全寿命管理有一定参考价值。     

自行火炮武器系统的寿命周期费用分析

随着技术的发展,寿命周期的研究正日益受到关注.评述了国内外寿命周期费用方面的研究现状,介绍了火炮寿命周期费用研究方法的内容及用途,探讨了费用估算的一般方法,在火炮寿命周期费用分解原则的基础上给出了火炮寿命周期费用分解结构,讨论了寿命周期费用研究方法急需解决的主要问题.     

舰船管路系统寿命的确定

舰船管路系统寿命是管路工程设计的重要参数,是影响舰船总体寿命及技术、经济竞争能力的关键因素之一,因此舰船管路系统寿命的确定就显得很重要。为此,首先给出管路系统工程寿命的定义,并据此对制约舰船管路系统工程寿命的一些损伤因素及管路腐蚀规律作了论证,然后查阅国标关于管路材料的强度极限、屈服极限的规定,根据许用应力求得管路极限壁厚,最后确定管路寿命与管路年腐蚀率的关系。结合某型舰船管路系统,分别计算各分系统寿命,进而确定整个管路系统的寿命。     

鱼雷寿命周期费用参数的灰色敏感性分析

鱼雷寿命周期费用受多种因素的影响,各因素对寿命周期费用的作用不同,有的作用大,有的作用小.在对鱼雷寿命周期费用建立模型时,需要分析哪些因素是影响寿命周期费用的主要因素,哪些因素是影响寿命周期费用的次要因素,即对寿命周期费用参数进行敏感性分析.利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度对鱼雷寿命周期费用参数进行敏感性分析,可对这些参数按重要性进行分类, 有利于建立模型时对参量的选择.     

涡轮盘疲劳寿命可靠性设计仿真及优化策略

涡轮盘是航空发动机主要部件之一,一旦发生破坏性故障将导致严重的后果。在充分考虑影响涡轮盘高低周复合疲劳寿命因素不确定性基础上,以MATLAB为平台,设计了涡轮盘高低周复合疲劳寿命可靠性优化设计的联合仿真平台。利用寿命函数和寿命可靠性分析极限状态函数中的共性需求,提出了在优化迭代的过程中自适应构建寿命函数Kriging模型和寿命可靠性极限状态面Kriging模型时共用训练样本点的策略。同时,提出了一种构建寿命函数Kriging模型的学习函数。使用所搭建的疲劳寿命可靠性优化设计平台,完成了某型涡轮盘盘心、榫槽以及涡轮盘系统高低周复合疲劳寿命的可靠性优化设计。结果表明,最优设计方案的局部最大应力显著降低,均值寿命大幅提高,并满足可靠性约束。     

寿命周期费用分析中的数据采集问题探讨

寿命周期费用数据采集是寿命周期费用分析的关键问题之一。简要介绍了寿命周期费用的概念,探讨了寿命周期费用数据采集的目的与要求、费用数据的来源、内容、采集形式,以及对费用数据的处理等与寿命周期费用数据采集有关的问题。目的在于为寿命周期费用的数据采集提供一般性指导方法。     

基于能力视角的装备体系寿命技术经济分析

装备寿命的确定应是装备物理寿命、技术寿命、经济寿命和体系寿命的综合匹配和协调。装备寿命形态内在连通性和耦合性越好,装备越能“物尽其用”,越能充分发挥其整体效能,也就越能全面提升装备经费的使用效率和效益。体系寿命分析紧紧围绕装备系统的“体系能力”这一主轴展开,而体系能力分析强调组成装备之间的通用性、协同性和耦合性,因此装备体系寿命分析不是一个局部、静态的单向过程,而是面向整体、过程、动态的闭环式迭代分析过程。     

Applications of renewal theory in analysis of the free-replacement warranty

Under a free-replacement warranty of duration W, the customer is provided, for an initial cost of C, as many replacement items as needed to provide service for a period W. Payments of C are not made at fixed intervals of length W, but in random cycles of length Y = W + γ(W), where γ(W) is the (random) remaining life-time of the item in service W time units after the beginning of a cycle. The expected number of payments over the life cycle, L, of the item is given by M_Y(L), the renewal function for the random variable Y. We investigate this renewal function analytically and numerically and compare the latter with known asymptotic results. The distribution of Y, and hence the renewal function, depends on the underlying failure distribution of the items. Several choices for this distribution, including the exponential, uniform, gamma and Weibull, are considered.     

Women police in the Nigerian security sector

This article details the history and philosophy behind major changes in police tradition and organisation in Nigeria in 1955. Women in the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), influenced by their background as enforcers of societal norms, developed a type of social-work-oriented policing. Using primary and secondary sources of historical information, this article discusses the origin of women in the NPF, the specialised role of women in police work, and the changes that have been effected in the roles and functions of women in policing in Nigeria. Situated within the conceptual frameworks of patriarchy and gender, this article argues that gender biases impeded the incorporation of women into the police and, when eventually introduced, gender limitations constrained their roles, operations and activities.     

浅谈汉维语数词用法与文化背景

汉维语数字作为各自语言文字的一部分,其主要功能是计数,表实指,是数概念在语言系统中的反映。但在文学作品和日常生活中,由于汉、维两种语言表达习惯上的差异很大,各有其独特的称数方式,而且使用方法也各不相同,因此给人们的理解和使用带来一定的困难,本文主要从汉、维语数词方面的差别入手,对汉、维语数词进行对比性探讨,并对汉、维语数词的差别做了归纳。     

Natural resource degradation and conflict in the East African pastoral drylands

Based on a literature review, this article examines the dynamics in pastoral systems, natural resource conservation and conflict in the drylands of East Africa. It argues that, in the context of East Africa, pastoralism and biodiversity conservation in general are distinct forms of land use that are complementary rather than competitive. The present state of natural resource degradation in the drylands is explained in terms of factors related to ecological and demographic pressures, land use conflicts and inefficient land administration policies. When the customary pastoral institutions of land administration and resource management are threatened, the problem of degradation is further exacerbated and violent conflicts occur among multiple resource users, including pastoralists, farmers and the state. The article recommends the revitalisation, empowerment and recognition of pastoral institutions in a way that ensures effective synergy between the formal and customary structures of resource governance.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

新疆兵团体育文化特征、价值及体育文化的创新研究

新疆兵团(以下简称"兵团")体育文化的形成植根于军队,发展于屯垦戍边事业,在我国民族体育文化中具有独树一帜的特征和价值;在60年的发展历程中,一直以兵团精神为精神支柱和发展动力,为促进兵团社会政治、经济、文化等事业发展,维护新疆社会稳定发挥了重要作用。近年来,兵团体育文化与城市化快速发展不相适应,仍然保留着"单位体制"、"行政运行"的局面,严重阻碍了兵团体育文化多元化、特色化、社会化的发展,因此,在兵团城市化背景下,体育文化体制、体育物质文化和体育文化内容必须走创新之路,才有发展的生机和活力。     

Unnecessary or unsung? The utilisation of airpower in Britain's colonial counterinsurgencies

Making extensive use of primary archival documents, this article seeks to explore whether airpower in three of Britain's most significant post-war colonial counterinsurgency campaigns, Malaya, Kenya and South Arabia, was an unnecessary part of British strategy, offering little useful military force due to the futility and strategic damage rendered by offensive bombardment, or whether airpower was indeed an unsung factor that provided operational flexibility through its effectiveness in a supply context, as well as its intelligence role in providing valuable aerial reconnaissance. In all three case studies the role played by the RAF in medical evacuations, in troop drops, in crop spraying during food-denial initiatives, and in providing ‘Voice Aircraft’ for the propaganda campaign, provide insights into an under-explored component of Britain's politico-military efforts in counterinsurgency in the 1950s and 1960s and suggests that the main strategic value of airpower in counterinsurgency, then and now, lies in its non-kinetic functions.     

REINVENTING PEACE

The use of children in armed conflict has become a symbol of the apparent brutality of warfare in Africa. They have become a powerful tool for child rights advocates, who lobby for the protection of children through the provision of essential services such as health care, education and social services. But taking children and youth out of the broader security debate has turned the issue into a ‘soft’ humanitarian concern that rarely enters into discussions on African politics, militaries and economies. The danger in this lies in the fact that Africa is, demographically speaking, an extraordinarily young continent. The marginalisation of youth from the security debate is paralleled by their absence from political and economic agendas. In war-affected nations in particular, the priority of social sectors plummets while governments attend to the business of the war economy, leaving health and education in the hands of humanitarian agencies. At the same time, children and youth, being the majority, represent manpower for both governments and armed forces. Thousands of children involved in combat in Africa are in fact a symptom of instability deeply exaggerated by demographics.     

Modern Sikh Warriors: Militants,Soldiers, Citizens

Central to the mainstream Sikh identity is the concept of ethically-justified force, used as a last resort. There is no place for absolute pacifism in this conception of ethical living. Fighters and martyrs occupy an important place in the Khalsa narrative, and Sikhs are constantly reminded of the sacrifices and heroism of their co-religionists of the past. This article explores how the Sikh warrior identity is manifested in the contemporary world. It examines the Sikhs who, in the 1980s and 1990s, were involved on both sides of the Punjab crisis: those militants who fought for a Sikh homeland (“Khalistan”) and those Sikhs in the Indian army who suppressed the insurgency. The article also looks beyond the militants and soldiers to Sikhs employed in modern security-related professions, the broader issue of Sikh symbols relating to the use of force, and violence within the Sikh diaspora. An examination of the Sikhs in various parts of the world reveals additional uses and consequences of ideology, whether in enlistment in the armed forces of the states in which they live, or in the support of the militancy in India, particularly in the 1980s. The conclusion is that the modern Sikh warrior is a nuanced actor behaving in various ways, some overt and some subtle: the warrior is willing to physically fight those perceived to be tyrannous, but most initiatives have shifted to pursuing justice through non-violent means, such as legal struggles for civil rights. Although armed Sikh militancy against the Indian government is in the past, there are strong residual resentments still requiring redress. All of this is of great relevance to understanding the ethics of armed force within modern Sikhism.     

战场赛博空间电子战应用研究

首先阐述和分析了赛博空间和电子战的概念和特点,给出了电子战在赛博空间中的定位。然后探讨了电子战在赛博空间中的应用,给出了电子战在赛博空间中可能应用的几大方面。最后总结了赛博空间电子战面临的关键技术与挑战。