相位差变化率的快速高精度测量及精度分析

由于阵元间相位差变化率这一观测量与通道不一致性关系不大,信号到达两阵元间的相位差变化率常用于无源定位测量中。提出了一种新的快速高精度的相位差变化率测量方法,利用分时间片思想,首先通过对无模糊相位差进行一次相位平移,得到各个时间片含模糊的相位差值;然后对得到的各个时间片的含模糊相位差进行一次相位平移,得到各时间片间相对无模糊的相位差;最后对相对无模糊相位差采用最小二乘算法求得相位差变化率。理论分析和仿真实验表明,本算法可以很好地解决测量中由于相位模糊造成的相位差抖动问题,能够在短时间内得到高精度相位差变化率信息,可以满足定位要求。     

脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法

提出了一种脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法,该算法利用脉冲群内相邻脉冲对间的互相关函数估计脉冲群模糊频率,在连续脉冲群间选择任一相同模糊频率进行解模糊得到各脉冲群相对频率,由于这些相对频率包含相同的模糊,从而可以利用差分或滤波算法得到脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率。该算法具有相对频率估计精度高、解模糊过程简单、运算量小、多普勒频率变化率测量精度高等优点。计算机仿真和地面缩比试验均证明了该测量算法的有效性。     

利用波达角及变化率对固定辐射源的无源定位

提出了一种利用波达方向角(包括方位角与俯仰角)及其变化率信息对固定辐射源进行单站无源定位的算法,对可观测性条件与定位误差的影响因素进行了分析,并将融入波达方向角变化率信息的EKF算法用于载机在航迹上的多次测量定位,并通过仿真将该算法与只测角定位算法进行了比较.     

基于方向角及其变化率测量子集的单站无源定位

根据目标辐射源的方向角及其变化率信息所构成的不同测量子集及建立的目标测量模型,提出了一种基于数据融合的优化定位处理方案,对各个单测量子集所得到不同的目标位置及测量误差值进行数据融合处理,分析比较了多测量子集融合处理后与单测量子集的定位性能,仿真分析表明,该优化定位处理方案可有效地提高无源探测系统的目标定位精度,减小探测盲区.     

一种BPSK相参脉冲信号多普勒频率变化率测量方法

BPSK信号广泛应用于新体制雷达中,测量BPSK信号中包含的多普勒频率变化率信息是单站无源定位与跟踪的关键技术.通过对BPSK信号平方消除了相位调制对参数估计的影响,并利用离散傅立叶变换进行脉冲间相参积累,算法具有计算量小、多普勒频率变化率估计精度高的优点.计算机仿真结果表明参数估计的精度能达到单站无源定位与跟踪系统的精度要求.     

数字式相位差测量方法及精度分析

相位差变化率是最近提出的用于快速无源定位的观测量。该文研究相位差的高精度测量方法 ,提出了一种正交双通道数字式的相位差测量方法。通过对信号频谱的分析 ,计算了测量系统输出的信噪比 ,从而得出了相位差测量的理论精度 ,随后进行仿真分析验证了理论精度。理论分析和仿真实验证明 ,论文提出的方法可以实现高精度的相位差测量     

空间预警视线系统误差对弹道导弹预警精度估计分析与研究

在空间预警系统中,为了降低系统预警精度受视线测量系统误差的影响,必须对仪器进行定标,因此需要深入对视线误差进行讨论。本文在对视线误差深入研究的基础上,从理论上讨论了视线误差对发射点、射向、落点估计结果的影响,得出系统误差变化率是影响预警结果的重要因素之一,并针对常值系统误差、线性系统误差以及周期系统误差进行了相应的预警仿真计算,从而为几何定标方案的确定提供支持。     

基于来袭鱼雷方位变化率的制导类型识别技术

对来袭鱼雷的制导类型进行识别是水面舰艇实施有针对性鱼雷防御的前提条件,方位变化率则可作为类型识别的一个重要的识别依据。首先,从不同类型潜射鱼雷的发射方式和弹道特征入手,分别推导出潜射直航鱼雷、声自导鱼雷、尾流自导鱼雷方位变化率的表达式。其次,仿真分析了不同类型潜射鱼雷方位变化率的影响因素。最后,在给定的态势下,给出了四种不同类型潜射鱼雷方位变化率随雷舰距离的变化规律曲线。仿真结果能为鱼雷制导类型识别提供一定的参考依据。     

一种基于吞吐量变化的OpenFlow网络自适应测量算法

以OpenFlow为代表的软件定义网络(SDN)通过将控制平面和数据平面分离来简化网络任务管理。OpenFlow周期性通过控制器对交换机转发的流量进行信息统计,依据统计信息可以进行网络测量。由于周期性的测量在网络流量突发时会导致测量的准确性降低,在网络状态平稳时控制器与交换机间的资源浪费。针对以上问题,提出一种基于吞吐量变化的自适应的网络测量算法。该算法通过计算吞吐量的变化率,动态地调整测量周期,保证了网络波动时测量的准确性,并在网络平稳时降低了控制器的开销。最后通过仿真实验与周期性的测量进行比较,实验结果表明自适应测量算法在网络波动时能够及时的发现网络变化,同时该方法的测量开销比周期性测量开销大大减少。     

临近空间高超声速滑翔弹跟踪模型

为了提高临近空间高超声速滑翔目标的跟踪精度,基于目标的航迹倾角变化规律建立了一种新的机动模型。为了在雷达测量直角坐标系下估计目标的位置和速度,分析了目标的弹道剖面角,基于航迹倾角变化率和倾角变化率有相近似的变化规律,提出用倾角代替航迹倾角,将倾角变化率描述为零均值正弦自相关随机过程建立角度域的Markov模型,然后将角度关系映射到位置维度建立空间模型。为了使得系统总体状态模型线性,将模型拆分为前端的角度子滤波器和后端的位置子滤波器,由角度滤波器驱动位置滤波器联合跟踪滤波。通过仿真设置了模型的参数,实验结果表明其模型具有更好的跟踪精度。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.