基于马尔可夫过程的坦克火力随机对抗模型

根据小规模坦克火力对抗中所具有的马尔可夫性特点,将该过程视为离散状态、离散时间的马尔可夫随机过程(马尔可夫链),由此建立了坦克与反坦克武器系统之间一对一对抗的随机格斗模型,并给出双方获胜概率和平均对抗回合数的计算公式。最后通过实例验证了模型的有效性。该模型克服了轮流对抗不符合战场实际的缺点,为分队指挥员在射击策略的选择和分队火力运用上的快速决策提供了较为精确的量化依据。     

一类三对二随机格斗的获胜概率

随机格斗从一对一格斗模型出发,逐步向更多数量的格斗发展,研究三对二随机格斗战斗模型,假设格斗开始时A方有三件武器,B方有两件武器,所有开火都是独立的,利用状态概率分析方法和向后递归方法,给出了集火射击情况下双方获胜概率的计算公式,该公式适用于一般分布,公式中主要包括毁伤时间的密度函数和余分布函数,并对射击间隔时间服从负指数分布的情形进行了模拟分析。     

一类搜索型多对二随机格斗的获胜概率

研究搜索型多对二随机格斗战斗模型。假设格斗开始时A方有m件武器,B方有2件武器,B方处于隐蔽状态,格斗开始后B方可以直接对A方进行射击,A方需先搜索到B方后才能进行射击。双方各为同类武器,都是集火射击,所有开火都是独立的,每件武器开火射击直到毁伤对方才重新射击下一个目标。对搜索时间和毁伤间隔时间都服从一般分布的随机格斗模型,通过分析各状态的特征,利用状态概率分析方法和向后递归时间方法建立状态方程,求出了格斗处在各个状态的概率,并得到双方的获胜概率计算公式。     

随机等分组合条件下轮流对抗的Markov链模型

首先,分析了红蓝双方将各自兵器随机等分组合后,轮流进行火力对抗的状态。然后,推导了对抗过程中状态转移的概率矩阵。从而,建立了随机等分组合条件下轮流对抗的离散Markov链模型。在上述基础上,得出了各方获胜概率及平均对抗次数的计算公式,结合公式内部递归关联的特点,提出了计算上述公式的计算机递归算法。最后,结合歼击机与轰炸机进行火力对抗的实例,介绍了该模型的应用方法。供进一步研究参考。     

基于损失交换比的武器装备回合战斗力指数评估

针对兵棋推演中对抗双方武器装备战斗力指数定量分析方法不准确、过于简单的问题,基于武器装备对抗损失交换比,在战斗静力评估的基础上,提出了动态评估武器装备战斗力指数的基本思路、原则和方法步骤;根据对方战斗力最优原则,建立了武器-弹药-目标战斗力指数评估模型。结合武器装备弹药发射速率、命中概率以及回合时间等参数,计算了回合战斗力指数。该方法有助于指挥员准确掌握对抗双方的交战态势,进而制定合理有效的作战方案。同时,在武器装备战斗力指数评估中引入时间量纲,为研究对抗双方的胜负概率、作战持续时间以及双方作战实力随时间的变化情况奠定了基础。     

武器毁伤概率对火力运用的影响

采用离散马尔可夫链概型 ,在符合客观实际的基本假定条件下 ,以毁伤概率为指标 ,定量分析了对抗双方武器毁伤概率的变化对火力运用的影响 ,从而提出了先敌开火时机和火力运用样式转换时机对毁伤概率的要求     

雷达网动态抗干扰性能评估模型

在分析雷达网与干扰方动态对抗过程的基础上,根据武器系统效能评估模型,并结合马尔可夫链随机过程与博弈论中的一些思想,提出利用随时间变化的状态概率矩阵来对雷达网的动态抗干扰性能进行评估的方法,并具体讨论了在该评估模型中如何根据递推表达式来计算每个时刻表示雷达网位于各种可能的工作状态的概率的状态概率矩阵,最后对模型的验证方法和用途也进行了探讨.     

基于马尔可夫模型的多点源诱偏系统作战计算问题

针对反辐射武器对多点源诱偏系统的毁伤概率计算问题,提出了基于马尔可夫模型的计算方法。通过分析和推导反辐射武器对单点源的毁伤概率计算方法,引入马尔可夫模型构造马尔可夫链,并在此基础上设计了反辐射武器对多点源诱偏系统的毁伤概率计算方法。进一步,根据作战任务要求,对反辐射武器兵力需求进行计算。同时仿真验证了算法的可行性,结果表明该方法可以较好地计算出反辐射武器对具有多点源的诱偏系统的毁伤概率及兵力需求。     

动态武器目标分配问题的马尔可夫性

动态武器目标分配(weapon target assignment,WTA)问题是军事运筹学研究的重要理论问题,也是作战指挥决策中迫切需要解决的现实问题。在对动态WTA问题进行描述分析的基础上,运用随机过程理论证明了动态WTA过程的马尔可夫性;给出了该马尔可夫决策过程的状态转移概率的解析表达式,并对其状态特点进行了简要分析。研究结果可以为动态WTA及相关问题的研究提供理论和方法依据。     

兵力损耗的二维随机游走模型

在本文所建立的模型中 ,借助于二维随机游走的概念 ,描述了红蓝双方兵力在对抗过程中的变化规律 ,给出了所描述的战斗过程的所有可能结果和每种结果出现的概率 ,以及平均剩余兵力等数字特征的计算公式     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.