一种六加速度计无陀螺惯性导航系统安装误差校准方法研究

针对加速度计安装方向和位置向量补偿的问题,理论上推导了一种六加速度计无陀螺惯性导航系统安装误差校准方法,通过重力效应进行加速度计方向向量的校准,通过载体旋转产生的向心加速度进行位置向量的校准,然后利用校准的结果进行加速度计输出补偿,并进行了计算机数字仿真。仿真结果表明,经加速度计安装校准和补偿,系统精度可提高600倍以上,验证了该方法的有效性。     

水压场引起海底地震波的特征

将舰船水压场激励的海底地震波简化为液固多层半无限空间中集中力引起的地震波动问题,基于波数积分方法,通过FFP数值积分求解了海底表面声压、位移和加速度幅值,得到了海底表面声压、位移和加速度的频率特性曲线。结果表明,水压场激励的海底地震波频率很低,属于超低频波动信号;水压场引起海底表面的声压、竖直加速度和水平加速度在频域内基本呈现单峰型特征。     

基于自适应EKF的高动态载波跟踪算法

针对载波跟踪算法在大频偏或动态剧烈变化时易失锁的问题,提出一种无数据辅助情况下基于自适应R/Q扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的高动态载波跟踪算法。该算法在AEKF代替鉴相器和滤波器的环路结构基础上,引入两倍相位转换来消除数据位跳变的影响,并利用载噪比估计方法和基于加加速度的信号动态监测方法来修正观测噪声协方差(R)和系统状态噪声方差(Q),进而兼顾环路的跟踪精度和动态稳定性。实验结果表明:利用该算法的GPS软件接收机能够在加速度200 g,瞬间加加速度10 000 g/s的动态指标下正常工作。     

微机械陀螺品质因数的在线测量方法

品质因数是决定微机械陀螺结构性能的重要参数。传统测量振动结构品质因数的幅频曲线半功率带宽法需要记录大量幅频响应数据并需作离线处理,测量效率很低。通过分析微机械陀螺动力学模型发现,品质因数可根据谐振频率及相频函数在谐振频率点处的一阶导数值计算,且相频曲线在谐振频率点附近近似为线性。利用这些特点,提出一种新的品质因数在线快速测量方法。首先,在谐振频率附近对陀螺进行激励,得到相频数据;然后,使用递推最小二乘法估计出相频曲线斜率;最后根据该斜率和谐振频率值计算出品质因数。新方法不需要存储和离线分析频率响应数据,可以自动确定品质因数。仿真和实验验证了本文方法的正确性和可行性。     

高量程加速度传感器的灵敏度校准方法

高量程加速度传感器面向特殊被测对象,其灵敏度需作经常性校准。以霍普金森杆产生冲击加速度并由激光多普勒干涉仪进行测量,同时记录被校传感器的响应输出,进而实现高量程加速度传感器的灵敏度校准。分析了两种灵敏度指标的校准方法,对国产压电式加速度传感器的两种指标进行了校准,给出了校准结果并分析了其影响因素。     

脉冲激励下船舶结构谐振响应预报及其模态阻尼参数识别

从模态识别基本原理出发,对脉冲激励下的时-频域响应、谐振激励下的时域响应的表达式进行推导,找到了其时-频域下的幅值关系,认为一定条件下谐振响应中伴随自由振动成分短时间内难以衰减,指出谐振激励力幅值与脉冲力幅值相等时,脉冲响应频谱对应频率下的幅频与谐振下的强迫振动幅值相等。在建立响应等价关系的基础上,推导了仅通过脉冲响应频谱上有限个谱线信息所确定的某阶模态阻尼比的计算公式。利用船体梁模型验证了响应预报及阻尼比估算的准确性。完成了2块不同材料典型船体板单元模型的前8阶模态阻尼比测试,通过数值计算结合试验响应频谱验证了方法的快速性、可靠性。     

振动信号变换器的设计与实现

多传感器采编器能够实现复杂环境下对飞行体在发射过程中振动加速度、冲击加速度、压力、温度等动态参数的实时测量和记录。传感变换器电路的性能直接影响采集系统的采样精度。为了实现准确测量,对广泛应用于工程实践中的高阶集成开关电容滤波器产生的混叠效应的抑制方法进行分析及实验。实现了一种可程控放大、具有稳定通带截止频率的振动信号变换器设计。实验结果表明,该变换器电路具有体积小、集成度高、滤波衰减陡度大,频率测试精度高等特点。     

利用实际飞行数据插值的INS/GNSS组合导航仿真轨迹发生器

针对INS/GNSS组合导航仿真中捷联惯导系统陀螺、加速度计信号高精度模拟问题,提出基于实际飞行数据插值的动态轨迹解析生成仿真算法。对转换到地心惯性坐标系中的载体姿态、位置和重力场数据进行关于时间的样条函数插值,得到载体坐标系下陀螺角速率、角增量以及加速度计比力积分增量的高精度分段解析表达式。使生成的陀螺、加速度计信号符合载体运动学和动力学特性,反映杆臂效应影响,同时与经事后处理的实测GNSS伪距、伪距率等数据特征保持一致。提出四元数约束插值算法,其可满足四元数解析插值时范数为1的约束限制条件。基于某实际无人机飞行数据,验证了所提算法的有效性,其完全满足组合导航动态仿真精度要求。该算法也适用于其他高精度高动态导航系统和刚体运动控制仿真中的角运动、线运动传感器信号模拟。     

基于实际飞行数据插值的INS/GNSS组合导航仿真轨迹发生器

针对INS/GNSS组合导航仿真中,捷联惯导系统陀螺、加速度计信号高精度模拟问题,提出了基于实际飞行数据插值的动态轨迹解析生成仿真算法。对转换到地心惯性坐标系中的载体姿态、位置和重力场数据进行关于时间的样条函数插值,得到载体坐标系下陀螺角速率、角增量以及加速度计比力积分增量的高精度分段解析表达式。使生成的陀螺、加速度计信号符合载体运动学和动力学特性,反映杆臂效应影响,同时与经事后处理的实测GNSS伪距、伪距率等数据特征保持一致。提出了四元数约束插值算法,可满足四元数解析插值时范数为1的约束限制条件。基于某实际无人机飞行数据,验证了所提出算法的有效性,完全满足组合导航动态仿真精度要求。该算法也适用于其他高精度高动态导航系统和刚体运动控制仿真中的角运动、线运动传感器信号模拟。     

基于北斗、短波的高精度时钟系统研究与设计

介绍了北斗、短波授时技术;对高稳恒温晶振及其频率特性进行分析的基础上,设计了一种基于北斗卫星、短波无线电授时的高精度时钟系统;该系统通过利用北斗接收处理模块、短波授时接收模块得到的秒脉冲信号、时间信息,经过延迟修正处理、脉冲滤波、脉冲补偿、脉冲统计得到标准的秒脉冲信号,实现对恒温晶振频率的校准,获得一个短期及长期频率稳定度都比较优良的时间频率标准,同时利用校频后恒温晶振分频出的1pps信号对时间芯片进行校准,对外输出高精度时间信息;对恒温晶振校频系统的基本工作原理及部分模块电路图进行了说明,试验结果表明,在时间不长于1h内,频率准确度优于1×10-10;该系统实用方便的方法达到了将晶体振荡器校准到较高指标的目的。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.