火炮身管直线度检测方法及测量元件选择

火炮身管弯曲,轻则降低射击精度,重则阻碍弹丸运动,以致产生膨胀、炸膛事故,直至火炮身管报废。为了发挥火炮的作战效能,提高装备的技术保障能力,该文介绍了可用于检测火炮身管直线度误差的四种方法:量规检验法、杠杆法、指示器法和光轴法,并对其优缺点进行了比较,认为光轴法是一种比较好的轴线直线度测量方法。还根据火炮身管直线度的检测原理,分析了三种非接触直线度测量方法:四象限光电池法、CCD法和PSD法,认为位置敏感探测器(PSD)具有更为显著的优点,是非接触式位置检测的理想接受器件。     

一种“炮身轴线偏移”检测的新方法

通过光电编码器、步进电机细分电路及可编程逻辑控制器技术,提出了炮身轴线偏移检测的全新方法,克服了传统方法检测精度不高、自动化程度低等不足。基于该方法研制的检测系统,经某新型自行榴弹炮火力系统装配及实弹射击检验,证明该方法是可行的。     

炮身俯仰过程中的类摇摆现象分析

在火炮俯仰过程中发现了炮身的类摇摆现象,通过对炮身轴线-炮耳轴系统耦合建模,揭示了炮耳轴倾斜度、炮耳轴与炮身轴线不垂直度共同作用对方向偏差的影响规律,并推导出了类摇摆现象发生的条件。指出了单独考虑炮耳轴的倾斜或炮身轴线与炮耳轴的不垂直度都是耦合模型的特例。类摇摆现象的发现有助于合理解释火炮试验中出现的异常现象,耦合模型可为进一步提高身管指向精度提供一定的理论依据。     

火炮身管无损检测方法

为了延长火炮身管寿命,进一步提高射击精度。研究火炮身管缺陷检测技术,结合身管不同的损伤类型,通过比较不同的身管检测方法,讨论它们的优缺点和发展前景,并得出相控聚焦超声导波检测新技术的优越性,应用在火炮身管检测中,可占据优势地位,使其可以更好地投入到军队的实际应用中,提高作战效能。     

炮管直线度测量中母线与轴线直线度关系研究

从深孔的母线直线度与轴线直线度之间的关系入手,论述了在火炮身管直线度测量中,如何通过测量母线直线度求得轴线直线度的原理和方法.给出的母线与轴线直线度误差及误差消除的方法,对深孔直线度的测量具有一定的实用价值.     

火炮身管膛线磨损量光学检测方法

火炮身管膛线的技术状态直接关系到火炮的射击精度、射击安全和身管寿命。为了提高检测精度和检测效率,提出了一种基于结构光的火炮膛线磨损量检测方法。通过光学检测装置获取身管内膛结构光图像,利用结构光条的变形量计算膛线的实际高度,进而与膛线标准高度比较得到身管内膛径向实际磨损量。该检测方法实现了对身管膛线技术状态的非接触检测,自动化程度高,标定过程简单可靠。经实验验证,该方法能够实现现役各型火炮身管膛线亚像素级的高精度检测,检测误差小于0.01 mm,对于提高火炮制造验收精度和效率,准确预估火炮寿命具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

火炮身管内膛疵病检测现状与展望

简要回顾了火炮身管内膛疵病的光学检测方法及其局限性，详细介绍了目前重点研究的光电窥膛检测方法，分析了取得的成果和存在的问题。对火炮身管内膛疵病检测的发展方向进行了预测与展望，指出基于机器视觉的研究是一个新的方向。探讨了今后的研究思路，提出首要的任务是在软件方面实现“采集一识别一判定”的自动运行，为此需要重点研究疵病检测的机器视觉图像信息、图像的纹理特征分析技术、疵病评定体系等3方面的内容。     

火炮身管抗磨损烧蚀技术及发展动向

火炮身管内膛磨损烧蚀这一射击过程中固有现象是火炮身管的主要失效形式，越来越成为阻碍火炮威力提高的重要因素之一。本文简述了身管内膛磨损烧蚀形成机理、常见形式和抗磨损烧蚀破坏的研究目标及有关的技术措施、发展动向。     

基于AFSMC的某非平衡身管随动控制研究

针对坦克炮控系统的火炮身管精确定位和平衡问题,提出了一种基于自适应模糊滑模变结构(AFSMC)的控制方法。鉴于炮控身管平衡的系统模型中存在某些不确定性的参数,采用自适应模糊系统逼近该参数。通过仿真表明,该控制策略能有效地提高系统的抗干扰能力,较好地解决了滑模变结构控制固有的抖振问题,并大大提高了电液伺服系统的跟踪性能,使系统具有良好的鲁棒性。     

自行火炮自动瞄准精度数据分析

通过自动瞄准精度的定义和测试方法简介,针对某自行火炮火控系统在自动瞄准精度测试中出现测量数据误差较大的现象,分析数据误差的原因,计算各种因素造成误差的大小,得出对自动瞄准精度影响最大的是车体姿态倾斜传感器误差、炮耳轴倾斜传感器的误差和炮耳轴与炮身轴线的不垂直度.鉴于此,自行火炮提出用火控软件的方法和工艺控制,减少自动瞄准误差和射击诸元装定误差,提高射击精度.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.