天波超视距雷达作战能力评估

为全面准确评估天波超视距雷达作战能力,提出了一种基于模糊层次决策的天波超视距雷达作战能力综合评估模型。首先,简要分析天波超视距雷达作战使用特点,建立了一种较为系统的天波超视距雷达作战能力评估指标体系;然后介绍了层次分析法与模糊综合评判方法应用到雷达作战能力评估的方法及步骤,最后进行了实例应用与分析。结果表明,该评估模型实用有效,为今后天波超视距雷达的研制、改进、优化部署以及作战使用提供了参考。     

基于群组AHP法的装备维修保障能力模糊综合评估

首先构建了装备维修保障能力指标体系;然后,应用层次分析和群组决策相结合的方法计算出装备维修保障能力指标体系中的各个指标的权重;最后运用多级模糊综合评判法建立了装备维修保障能力评估的数学模型,并给出了实例验证,结果表明该模型的可行性和实用性,为部队改进维修保障方案提供了客观依据.     

战时装备维修保障效能及评估指标体系研究

分析了装备维修保障效能的定义、与维修保障能力的区别以及度量方法;在此基础上,依据装备维修保障效能评估指标体系的构建思路和构建原则,建立了战时装备维修保障效能评估指标体系。该指标体系是基于任务的动态指标,能够反映战时装备维修保障效能,可操作性强,可以为战时装备维修保障系统的仿真评估提供可靠依据。     

一种天波雷达探测威力评估方法

研究了天波雷达探测威力的评估方法.基于天波雷达探测威力的3类17种指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)建立了一种三级层次结构的探测威力定量评估模型,讨论了各级权重的定量计算方法,并对模型的有效性进行了检验.结果表明,运用该方法对天波雷达进行探测威力评估是有效可行的.     

天波超视距雷达作战效能分析

根据天波超视距雷达的组成和作战任务,建立了作战效能评估指标体系和层次结构,提出了作战效能指标的量化评判方法,最后用效能指标聚合层次分析法对天波超视距雷达的作战效能进行评估,并通过算例对方法的有效性进行了检验.结果表明运用该方法对天波超视距雷达进行作战效能评估是切实可行的.     

基于改进PSR理论的装备维修保障能力评估方法

为了克服评估过程中主观性的影响,将PSR理论引入军地联合装备维修保障能力评估指标体系构建中,对评估指标体系进行逻辑关联的框架约束;根据网络分析理论构建评估指标体系关联网络模型,提出了基于互信息模型的指标赋权方法,并采用层次聚类法检验了评估指标体系的逻辑关联性;根据评估指标的量纲特点建立了η-PSR评估模型;最后以某型装备维修保障试验评分表为数据基础,对基于改进PSR理论的装备维修保障能力评估方法进行了算例分析。研究结果表明：根据装备维修保障运行逻辑所构建的评估指标体系具有明确的逻辑关联性;采用互信息模型的指标赋权方法降低了主观赋权的影响;基于改进PSR理论的装备维修保障能力η-PSR评估模型是可行的。     

基于ANP-灰色模糊的航空装备维修保障能力评估

针对航空装备维修保障能力指标不确定性和非独立性问题,提出了基于ANP-灰色模糊理论的网络化综合赋权评估方法。通过调查法、专家法构建航空装备维修保障能力"控制层-网络层"指标体系。在此基础上,利用ANP方法求解网络结构条件下各级指标的权重,利用灰色系统理论构建模糊评估矩阵,并综合权重和模糊评估矩阵计算维修保障能力。最后,以某3个维修保障能力方案为例进行评估和对比,结果表明该方法能够解决指标之间相互作用情形下的综合评估问题,较传统层次分析法更加适用、准确,能为实际维修保障方案的改进提供理论依据。     

天波超视距雷达作战效能评估研究

为了充分考虑天波超视距雷达作战效能指标体系中各层次指标之间的聚合关系,更加贴切反映装备的真实效能,将"逻辑门"的思想应用到天波超视距雷达作战效能指标的聚合中,构建了基于"逻辑门"的天波超视距雷达作战效能评估指标层次体系,解决了指标聚合方式单一化的问题,实例表明该作战效能计算模型的正确性.     

基于云模型的航空装备维修保障能力评估

针对航空装备维修保障能力评估问题,在把握航空装备维修特点和系统分析影响因素的基础上,构建了以信息化优势为主导的航空装备维修保障能力评估指标体系;提出一种基于AHP的改进熵值法确定各级指标权重,有效融合了主客观信息;引入云模型原理,将不确定性因素转化为定量化数字特征,开展基于云模型的航空装备维修保障能力评估。实例表明,该评估方法能够科学、准确地评估航空装备维修保障能力,具有可行性和有效性。     

基于改进Grey-AHP的雷达装备维修性评估方法

针对雷达装备在鉴定定型阶段对维修性评估的需求,构建了雷达装备维修性评估指标体系,通过改进层次分析法(AHP)对雷达装备维修性评估指标进行赋权,建立了改进灰色层次分析法(Grey-AHP)的雷达装备维修性评估模型,对3种研制方案的雷达装备维修性进行排序,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.