C4ISR通信分系统信息优势评估指标研究

战术互联网信息优势评估指标确定和量化是其效能评估体系中的重要环节。针对战术互联网提供战场态势感知,获取信息优势的重要特征,在分析信息优势定义的基础上,给出了信息优势的数学描述和评估指标的定义。同时结合战术互联网的具体业务需求,深入分析了基于态势感知信息传输的完整性、精确性和网络传输时效性的信息优势评估指标,根据所确定的指标,给出了战术互联网信息优势基本的定量描述方法。     

军事通信网节点重要度评估方法

针对军事通信网的应用环境和业务流传输的特殊性，考虑节点类型以及节点之间的相互关系，将节点按功能分为侦察节点、处理节点、指控节点、行动节点、传输节点五类节点。根据军事通信网信息流传输的特点，改进了传统的网络介数基本概念，定义了符合军事通信网特征的节点和链路重要度的新指标。最后，通过实例对军事通信网的节点重要度进行仿真计算，画出了所有节点重要度柱状分布图。     

卫星通信网作战效能评估研究

通过对卫星通信网完成信息传输作战任务的能力分析,建立了卫星通信网作战效能评估指标体系;将模糊层次分析法和熵权法相结合,建立了确定指标权重向量的综合集成赋权模型,采用专家打分和隶属度函数法计算单因素模糊评估向量,采用相对状态特征值对评估结果进行处理,建立了模糊综合评估模型,实现了卫星通信网作战效能的评估,并对评估结果进行了分析。     

基于复杂网络理论的军事通信网信息传播模型

文章结合军事通信网的发展趋势,论述了军事通信网的无标度特征,建立并研究了一种具有无标度特征的军事通信网的信息传播模型。研究表明,在具有无标度特征的军事通信网中,信息有效传播的临界值为零,即信息一旦被获取便可以在网络中有效传播。此外,文章借鉴病毒传播网络中的免疫策略,提出了限制军事通信网中假消息传播的熟人屏蔽策略。     

基于非线性聚合的多类型指标综合评估方法

针对多类型指标综合评估问题,将实数型、区间数型和模糊数型指标相结合,构建评估指标体系.采用区间数特征向量法和信息熵权法确定指标权重,并针对3种不同类型的指标分别定义了评分方法.引入非线性聚合理论,建立了基于非线性聚合的多类型指标综合评估指标体系.最后,以某型军事指挥信息系统的指挥控制能力评估为例,进行了实例运算,验证了该模型与方法的合理性和有效性.     

军用通信网可靠性评估方法

本文介绍一种军用通信网可靠性评估方法。首先给出了军用通信网的可靠性定义,然后在模糊集合论的基础上定义了通信网的失效判决方法。并对软件可靠性因素进行了探讨,最后提出了三种通信网可靠性评估方法：可靠性实验测试、可靠性实物模拟试验,可靠性计算机试验。     

基于信息熵的未确知测度的指挥信息优势评估

现代战争中获取信息优势成为夺取战争胜利的关键。为更好对指挥信息优势进行定量评估,在未确知数学理论基础上,首先引入专家可信度对指标效果值进行处理;研究了信息优势的度量和识别方法;并通过评估指标输出的信息熵确定指标权重,建立了基于未确知测度的指挥信息优势评价模型。最后通过实例分析给出评估结果和改进建议,获得了较为成功的应用。未确知效果测度评价模型严谨,评价结果合理、精细、分辨率高,适合于指挥信息优势的评价。     

面向信息对抗的C4ISR系统作战效能评估指标研究

评估指标的确定、量化是C4ISR系统效能评估过程的一个重要环节,其结果将直接影响效能评估的正确与否.C4ISR系统的作战效能主要通过在战场上获取信息优势和决策优势来体现,针对这一特点,构建了以信息优势能力和决策优势能力为基础的C4ISR系统作战效能评估指标框架,并提出了信息优势能力和决策优势能力的量化方法,最后合成了信息对抗下的C4ISR系统作战效能.该文对信息化战争中C4ISR系统作战效能的研究具有一定参考价值.     

C4ISR系统信息的军事价值评估

C4ISR系统信息的军事价值评估是一个热点而又富于挑战性的问题.本文首先引入相对知识的概念,然后运用相对知识对信息优势和制信息权进行了数学描述.在此基础上,通过一个C4ISR系统信息的军事价值评估实例,给出了相应的评估方法和评估过程.     

基于ANP和云模型的军事通信系统效能评估

将网络层次分析法(ANP)和云重心评判法相结合应用于军事通信系统的效能评估中,并指出有无卫星支援下军事通信系统的效能对比。首先,针对军事通信系统的特点,构建通信系统评估的指标体系,建立ANP模型;其次,根据通信系统各指标之间的关联性,采用网络层次分析法构造极限超矩阵来确定指标的权重,并与AHP确定的指标权重相比较,指出ANP提高了指标权重的科学性;最后,利用云模型处理定性指标和定量指标之间的转换,给出有卫星支援下的军事通信系统效能的提升度,并与模糊综合评判法相比较,结果证明了网络层次分析法和云重心评价法相结合在军事通信系统效能评估中的可行性和科学性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.