18CrNi4A钢静载拉伸时磁记忆检测试验

为了研究磁记忆信号和应力之间的关系,采用磁记忆方法检测单向静载拉伸后18CrNi4A钢板表面磁场强度法向分量Hp(y).结果表明18CrNi4A钢板在静载拉伸实验过程中,试件拉断前的Hp(y)检测曲线近似为斜直线,具有唯一的过零点.Hp(y)检测曲线斜率|k|随载荷的增加呈较为明显的规律性变化,有望通过|k|来推知同类试件所受的最大等效工作应力,为实现金属磁记忆技术对构件剩余寿命的预测奠定实验基础.     

轴向应力对铁磁材料磁极性影响研究

为研究外加应力作用下铁磁材料磁极性变化规律,制作Q235钢轴状静载拉伸试件,在MTS810型液压伺服试验机上进行正向或反向多级加载,采用EMS2003金属磁记忆仪检测拉伸过程试件表面磁记忆信号变化,分析加载顺序、加载次数及应力大小对磁极性影响。研究结果表明：同一加载方向上试件磁极性不变,加载应力大小决定磁极性强弱,正反方向加载试件产生相反的磁极性。同一加载方向、同一加载应力条件下,加载次数不影响磁极性;改变加载方向,加载应力需逆转磁畴结构取向,加载次数增多使磁极性略有增强。     

基于小波包能量谱的管道缺陷磁记忆检测信号特征研究

现有磁记忆检测技术判定准则,只能指示应力集中位置,无法进一步获取应力集中信息。为获取应力集中信息,提出一种基于小波包能量谱的磁记忆信号分析方法,进行试件拉伸试验。拉伸应力为200 MPa时,信号小波包能量谱分布较为均匀,各频带能量占总能量之比均小于15%,不存在集中分布的频带范围。拉伸应力为410 MPa时,信号小波包能量谱最大值分布在1,3,4频带,1~4频带能量之和占总能量的73.8%,小波包能量主要集中在低频段。试件屈服后,信号小波包能量谱最大值分布在1,2频带,能量谱分布极为分散,能量主要集中在低频段的1,2频带,1~3频带能量之和占总能量的87.3%。管道试件应力集中程度与磁记忆信号的小波包能量谱分布特征有关,应力集中程度越低,小波包能量谱分布越均匀;应力集中程度越高,小波包能量谱分布越集中,能量主要向低频段集中。     

基于类别可分性准则的金属磁记忆信号小波能量谱特征提取研究

为了解决金属磁记忆信号小波能量谱特征存在的相关性和冗余性问题,利用类别可分性准则,在提取金属磁记忆信号小波能量谱的基础上,将能量谱特征进行变换提取最优特征向量。将能量谱特征向量、最优特征向量和低频特征向量作为支持向量机的特征输入量分别对不同检测区域的金属磁记忆信号进行识别。实验结果表明：最优特征向量能够减小小波能量谱特征的相关性和冗余性,有效提高支持向量机识别的准确率。     

装甲钢板表面裂纹的金属磁记忆检测表征

采用预制裂纹-疲劳试验-金属磁记忆检测-信号比较分析的标定方法,研究了具有不同预制裂纹深度、不同疲劳载荷幅、不同载荷循环周次的高压五装甲钢板裂纹的金属磁记忆检测表征方法.结果表明,漏磁场法向分量的变化率与裂纹深度成正比.载荷幅越大,载荷循环周次越多,漏磁场法向分量的变化率越大,为采用金属磁记忆检测技术大量检测裂纹深度提供了一种标定方法.     

基于Wigner-Ville分布及局部奇异值分解的磁记忆信号特征提取与识别

针对磁记忆检测中缺陷信号持续时间短且频率范围小的特点,为提取磁记忆信号的有效特征,根据矩阵奇异值的特点,提出一种基于Wigner-Ville分布及局部奇异值分解的磁记忆信号特征提取方法．通过将时频分布矩阵从时间轴和频率轴分别划分为不同局部矩阵,提取出各矩阵的奇异值来构造特征向量．然后,将构造的特征向量作为支持向量机的输入向量对不同检测区域的金属磁记忆信号进行识别．实验结果表明：基于Wigner—Ville分布及局部奇异值分解算法构造的特征向量能有效提取磁记忆信号的特征信息,提高支持向量机的识别精度．     

拉应力对管线钢磁导率及磁记忆信号的影响

运用数值模拟方法,对不同拉应力作用下X60管线钢的相对磁导率μσ的变化情况进行了仿真.结果表明,加载初期试件处于弹性变形阶段时,μσ值变化较大,随应力的增大μσ值迅速减小;加载超过屈服点后,μσ值变化很小,应力的增大已不再对其产生显著影响.磁记忆检测试验表明,进入塑性变形阶段后,信号曲线亦会由起初无规律性分布发展到相近...     

铝热焊接工艺参数优化研究

为获得最佳铝热焊接工艺参数,对拉伸试件进行了正交试验和二次通用旋转组合试验,研究预热温度、加压时间和预留焊缝3因素对接头强度的影响,进而寻求一组使焊接接头强韧性最高的焊接工艺参数组合。利用电子显微镜等对试件拉伸断口进行了分析,通过对比2种开始加压时间下试件的显微组织和性能,研究了这2种方法对接头强韧性的影响。结果表明:采用设计的铝热焊接试验装置和优化出的随焊加压致密化工艺参数,可使焊接接头获得大变形组织,从而获得高的强度和韧性。该项研究可为提高铝热焊接质量提供基础数据。     

金属磁记忆管道检测机器人的应用研究

阐述了金属磁记忆检测技术的基本原理及磁记忆检测机器人的研究现状,针对存在的问题,基于形态分析法对不同驱动形式的机器人进行优选。提出了一种适用于150mm管径的螺旋轮式机器人驱动系统,对机器人的动力系统和检测单元进行设计,为长输管道磁记忆检测机器人的结构设计和优化提供了有益参考。     

基于改进型小波阈值的磁记忆信号去噪研究

磁记忆检测信号易被外界噪声污染,使缺陷信号的可检测性受到极大影响。为消除噪声信号的不利影响,通过优化传统算法进行了磁记忆信号的消噪。硬阈值去噪得到的估计小波系数值连续性差,并会引起重构信号的振荡;而软阈值去噪会与原来的小波系数存在恒定偏差。在软、硬阈值函数的基础上,提出了一种改进型阈值函数,该阈值函数在一定程度上克服了传统方法的不足之处。仿真试验结果表明了改进型阈值函数对去除磁记忆信号噪声的适用性。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

Characterization of magnetically impelled arc butt welded T11 tubes for high pressure applications

Magnetically impelled arc butt(MIAB) welding is a pressure welding process used for joining of pipes and tubes with an external magnetic field affecting arc rotation along the tube circumference. In this work, MIAB welding of low alloy steel(T11) tubes were carried out to study the microstructural changes occurring in thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ). To qualify the process for the welding applications where pressure could be up to 300 bar, the MIAB welds are studied with variations of arc current and arc rotation time. It is found that TMAZ shows higher hardness than that in base metal and displays higher weld tensile strength and ductility due to bainitic transformation. The effect of arc current on the weld interface is also detailed and is found to be defect free at higher values of arc currents. The results reveal that MIAB welded samples exhibits good structural property correlation for high pressure applications with an added benefit of enhanced productivity at lower cost.The study will enable the use of MIAB welding for high pressure applications in power and defence sectors.     

Research on the Static Magnetic Field of Ships with Corrosion and Anticorrosion Efficacy Using Electric Dipole Model

In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the mirror image theory.Combined with the distribution of the underwater electric potential measured in laboratory,an electric dipole model for physical scale of ship was established and the distribution characteristics of an actual ship' s corrosion related magnetic field were obtained.Based on established models,theoretical analysis and calculation were made to catch out the distribution characteristics of static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion,which can not be measured directly in seawater.The results show that the static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion is a kind of noteworthy obstacle signal for degaussed ships.     

管道金属磁记忆检测技术现状分析及发展研究

针对管道无损检测问题，阐述了金属磁记忆效应的基本原理，与传统无损检测方式比较，归纳了磁记忆检测的基本特性。在磁记忆检测仪器研发现状的基础上，设计了新型管道磁记忆／漏磁综合检测仪。从检测机理、信号处理和缺陷识别3个方面对检测技术研究现状进行分析和总结。探讨了检测机理的局限性，提出管道磁记忆检测技术的研究新方向。     

组合金属橡胶隔振系统参数识别

对2块金属橡胶元件组合制备的隔振器进行静动态试验,指出组合隔振器的优点;利用双折线模型描述该非线性迟滞系统的记忆恢复力,并建立该系统的本构关系及参数识别方程;采用给记忆恢复力zs赋初值,再将用最小二乘法识别得到的参数作为初值构造误差函数,利用误差函数把一次刚度和记忆恢复力的参数识别问题转化为函数优化问题的方法,用小生境遗传算法进行优化识别;对该方法进行模拟仿真识别,并对某金属橡胶隔振器进行试验研究.仿真和试验均表明该方法根据系统输入-输出数据来直接识别系统的物理参数,简单可行且精度较高.     

在分离式Hopkinson拉杆实验中确定临界实验条件的经验方法

在分离式Hopkinson拉杆实验中,常常需要获得试样在经历一个拉力脉冲拉断情况下的最低应变率,而在分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置中确定对应最低应变率的发射压力需要进行多次尝试性实验。为了更好地解决这一问题,提出一种简单的经验方法,可以通过一次拉断的实验结果计算出一个拉力脉冲拉断试样需要的最小发射压力及相应的应变率,进一步可以预测不同发射压力下的应变率。对4种铝合金试样进行拉伸实验,结果表明,利用提出的经验方法得到的应变率结果与实验结果吻合较好,可以有效地对发射压力和实验应变率进行预估。