海水声速快速高精度测量方法

为实现对海水声速快速、高精度的测量,采用一种系统结构简单的声速测量方案。通过连续波信号参数估计的方法实现了对声传播时间和声速值的测量。采用伪随机序列对连续波进行调制处理,解决了单频连续波信号在测量中存在的整周期模糊与回波干扰问题。通过构建声速试验平台,进行了系统校准与测量试验。试验结果表明该方法具有测量精度高、响应快速的优点,适合于在水下机动平台上对海洋声速剖面进行快速、高精度的测量。     

Monte-Carlo方法在浅海声速不确定性研究中的应用仿真

采用Monte-Carlo方法捕捉浅海中声速剖面的不确定性,模拟真实海洋环境中的声速剖面,并将模拟得到的声速剖面输入波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)声场预报模型中,得到声传播损失,再对结果进行统计分析,得到声传播损失的概率分布图,并提出用传播损失期望值作为预报值,提高了声场预报的精度.最后,利用声纳优质因子(FOM)导出声纳作用距离概率分布图,为声纳作用距离的预报提供了概率的依据.     

双源正弦波对某无线电引信的辐照效应预测方法

以某连续波多普勒无线电引信为受试设备,在电波暗室内,分别开展了单源和双源正弦连续波对引信的电磁辐照实验。实验结果表明:在双源正弦连续波辐照下可以得到一系列引信的临界发火场强组合,场强组合并不呈现规律性,且2个正弦连续波的差频不同,其场强组合的总场强相差很大,因此不能直接通过单源正弦连续波的临界发火场强曲线对双源正弦连续波的辐照效应做预测。通过对实验结果进行对比分析,提出了双源正弦连续波的电磁辐照效应预测方法,验证结果显示该预测方法具有较高的准确性。     

去调频处理中空变相位误差补偿方法

调频连续波具有较长的脉宽和较大的信号带宽,通常采用去调频的处理方式,但是,去调频的处理会引入空变的相位误差。从去调频的处理方式入手,根据发射信号相位误差缓变的特点,提出了依据发射信号相位误差模型补偿空变相位误差的方法,并在理论上对该方法进行了推导。该补偿方法分为两步,从差频信号中去除发射信号相位误差,在残余视频相位误差校正之后,通过与补偿函数相乘去除剩余的相位误差。仿真和实测的实验结果表明,该方法能够克服目标距离的限制,有效地补偿空变相位误差带来的影响,提高脉压水平。提出的误差补偿方法能够很好地平衡系统负载、误差补偿精度和算法开销,具有较强实用性。     

高超声速飞行器前缘流-热-固一体化计算

针对高超声速流动气动加热与结构传热的复杂耦合问题,探索和研究基于有限体积法的高超声速流-热-固一体化求解方法,将流场与结构温度场进行统一建模与数值模拟。该方法避开了传统气动加热和结构传热耦合求解方法在时间域内进行流场与结构温度场耦合交替迭代计算所带来的大量数据交换与计算,将流场与结构温度场作为一个物理场,采用统一的控制方程进行求解。采用典型高超声速绕流二维圆管稳态或非稳态流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证,稳态时圆管驻点温度最高达到648 K,非稳态时的热流密度和结构温度与参考文献和实验值吻合较好,由此证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。与耦合计算方法的对比分析结果表明:该一体化求解方法所得计算结果更接近实验值,并且计算量和网格依赖性都相对较小,具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,能为高超声速飞行器一体化热防护设计提供有效的理论和技术支撑。     

连续波雷达低仰角测量算法研究

针对采用频域比相测角的连续波体制雷达,提出了一种基于频域比幅测角的低仰角测量算法.通过分析比相测角与比幅测角的关系,得到可以通过在频域比幅实现连续波雷达角度测量的结论.结合C2算法,实现了连续波雷达低仰角测量算法.通过实际试验结果分析,表明该算法具有优良的抗多径干扰性能.     

全脉冲幅度信息的分析与特征提取

全脉冲数据在电子情报分析和电子侦察信号处理中具有十分重要的意义.为了辅助雷达信号分选和识别,挖掘除频率和方位以外的脉冲信息,对全脉冲数据中幅度信息的相关变化特征进行了分析与提取.将统计分析与脉幅的教学模型相结合,分析了脉冲幅度随天线扫描的起伏规律,并提取了脉冲幅度对脉冲宽度测量值的制约特征.实验结果验证了该方法提取雷达信号特征的可行性和有效性,为信号分选提供了新的思路.     

连续波掩护信号技术研究

瞬时测频(instantaneous frequency measurement,IFM)接收机具有截获概率高、瞬时带宽大、分辨率高等优点,被广泛应用于雷达告警、雷达侦察等电子对抗设备。因此对IFM接收机的干扰能有效提高雷达的生存概率。给出了IFM接收机的结构,分析了同时到达信号对IFM接收机测频的影响,最后提出了使用连续波射频掩护信号干扰IFM接收机测频工作的方法,并且在SyetemVue平台上对该方法进行了仿真实现,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性和不同条件下连续波掩护信号对IFM接收机的干扰效果。     

快速传递对准的抗野值方法研究

快速传递对准对滤波精度与收敛速度有着严格的要求,而测量野点的存在会严重破坏传递对准的精度。提出了一种新的抗野值滤波方法,在线取测量信号的一个小区间,采用正向对称延拓的方法构成新序列并对其进行小波阈值去噪,检测出野点,用前几个周期的信号构造新的测量值进行Kalman滤波,有效地剔除了野点的影响,滤波系统保持了很好的精度,满足了传递对准的要求。     

一种FMCW雷达线性度校正方法

线性调频连续波(LFMCW)是雷达系统中常用的一种信号形式,调频信号调频线性度是衡量信号质量的一项重要指标。分析了线性调频连续波雷达的调频非线性对距离分辨率的影响,提出使用分段线性拟合的方法估计调频信号的线性度,并对非线性进行校正。仿真结果表明校正后距离分辨率及测距精度都极大的提高。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.