利用过阻尼电路合成高压方波脉冲

在过阻尼RLC电路分时放电的基础上,提出新型高压方波脉冲产生方法。理论分析表明:过阻尼RLC电路产生的双指数电压波与脉冲形成线产生的方形电压波具有类似的上升沿和平顶。电路模拟表明:通过人工过零技术可以对双指数电压波进行截尾,从而形成完整的高压方波脉冲。建立了原理验证性样机,由两组RLC电路构成,每组电路包含一台脉冲电容器和一只三电极场畸变气体开关,两组电路共用一个上升沿调节电感。实验证明:样机可以在电阻负载上输出幅值为17 kV、平顶宽度为330 ns～5.8μs、上升沿为100～350 ns的单极性高压方波脉冲。该方法适应性强,对负载变化不敏感,同时具有良好的可调节性,方波上升沿、平顶宽度连续独立可调。     

杂散参数对串联型磁脉冲压缩器输出特性的影响

使用电路模拟软件分析了脉冲电容器自身电感、磁开关绕组匝间电容以及磁芯处于不同工作状态时磁开关绕组自身阻抗等杂散参数对串联型磁脉冲压缩器输出特性的影响。结果表明,匝间电容和磁芯处于未饱和状态下的绕组自身阻抗对系统的输出特性影响相对较小;磁芯处于饱和状态时,绕组自身阻抗对系统的电压传输效率影响较大;脉冲电容器的自身电感不仅会降低系统的电压传输效率,而且会同时影响到输出脉冲上升沿的宽度。基于以上结论,对基于电容负载的单级串联型磁脉冲压缩器进行了优化设计并研制了一台输出峰值电压26k V,脉冲上升时间由4.1ms压缩到1.2ms的串联型磁脉冲压缩器,电压传输效率大于92.5%。     

杂散参数对串联型磁脉冲压缩器输出特性影响*

使用电路模拟软件(P-Spice)分析了脉冲电容器自身电感、磁开关绕组匝间电容以及磁芯处于不同工作状态时,磁开关绕组自身阻抗等杂散参数对串联型磁脉冲压缩器输出特性的影响。结果表明,匝间电容和磁芯处于未饱和状态下的绕组自身电阻对系统的输出特性影响相对较小;磁芯处于饱和状态时,绕组自身阻抗对系统的电压传输效率影响较大;脉冲电容器的自身电感不仅会降低系统的电压传递效率,同时会影响到输出脉冲上升沿的宽度。基于以上的结论,对单级串联型磁脉冲压缩器进行了优化设计并研制了一台输出峰值电压26kV,脉冲上升时间由4.1us压缩到1.2us的串联型磁脉冲压缩器,电压传输效率大于92.5%。     

DZ矩形脉冲源

航空航天部第二总体设计部研制的DZ矩形脉冲源,经用户使用、专家评审,去年通过鉴定并获部科技进步二等奖。该脉冲源突破了国内现有同类产品输出电压范围小、脉冲宽度窄的局限,输出电压0～2000V,矩形脉冲宽度从us级到μs级,脉冲上升前沿1-3ns,输出阻抗50Ω。配以辅件还可输出双指数波。 该矩形脉冲源可用于电子元器件EMP损伤注入试验,还适用于线路、电缆等的瞬态脉冲效应注入试验。利用该机为我部一院所用电子元器件测出了损伤阈值,机电部有关单位利用该脉冲源对半导体分离器件、集成电路和保护器件进行了评估试验,为研制新产品积累了科学数据。该机小巧轻便,操作简单,性能优良,获得部内外用户的好评。     

纳秒级电磁脉冲模拟器的研制

介绍了纳秒级电磁脉冲模拟器的组成和主要指标,分析了脉冲高压电源的各项参数对脉冲模拟器输出波形上升前沿的影响,给出了实测数值和波形。测量结果表明此电磁脉冲模拟器可以输出前沿大约为2 58ns、衰落时间约55ns的双指数脉冲波。     

一种小型的高压毫微秒脉冲发生器及其应用

本文讨论了一种小型的高压毫微秒脉冲装置。该装置可以产生幅值120kV,上升前沿陡度大于5kV/ns、脉宽100ns 的高压脉冲,并已被用作REB 加速器的触发源、高压EMP 模拟器的脉冲源和研究介质击穿特性的能源。     

基于金属膜电阻的大功率低电感负载

利用金属膜电阻设计并制作了用于陡化前沿Marx发生器调试的大功率低电感负载.其阻值约为90Ω,电感约为55nH,基本不具备分散电容.该负载采用线性渐变的圆锥外型结构,有利于减小信号在负载上的反射,配合电容分压器使用能够很好地完成对前沿约为几ns的快前沿高压脉冲的测量.理论估算了该负载的功率容量,并利用PSpice软件模拟了对其进行脉冲方波加载的情况.该负载用于调试陡化前沿的Marx发生器的实验中,获得了幅值约210kV,脉宽近40ns,前沿为5ns的快前沿高压脉冲.多次实验结果表明该负载性能稳定,适用于陡化前沿Marx发生器的调试工作.     

方波注入对组合电路损伤效应研究

以某型雷达系统为试验对象,选取典型系统的组合电路,进行方波脉冲注入对比试验,研究了电磁脉冲对系统中组合电路的损伤规律。试验表明:电磁脉冲对组合电路的损伤与电路结构有关,损伤过程是一个渐变的过程,注入脉宽越大其损伤电压越小,能量可能是造成电路功能损伤或失效的主要因素。     

同步发电机气隙磁场非正弦时整流系统性能的研究

提出了一种发电机气隙磁场非正弦分布时整流系统的近似电路模型和仿真方法;分析了气隙磁场非正弦分布对系统交直流电压和电流波形的影响．仿真结果表明,合理控制气隙磁场谐波含量有利于提高轻负载下整流电压的品质．由此提出：带整流负载的多相同步发电机采用气隙磁场非正弦分布的转子结构和集中整距的定子绕组（即所谓方波电机）是合理的     

高功率全固态微波纳秒级脉冲源的设计与应用

基于雪崩三极管雪崩效应,研制出了一种数千伏、纳秒级脉冲源。其为全固态微波PCB电路结构形式,利用数字电路产生可控重频触发信号,脉冲全底宽度400ps～2ns可调,重频1k～1000kHz可调,脉冲幅度360～2600V可调,峰值功率可达135kW。详细讲述了电路设计、器件选择以及重要电路结构。针对高压窄脉冲引起的特殊问题,提出了新颖的欠电荷充电法以及有效的梳状PCB(印刷电路板)结构。电路性能优良、稳定可靠,已投入超宽带目标探测实验系统应用。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.