基于稀疏图的DS-CDMA系统设计

DS-CDMA是在扩频技术上发展起来的多址接入方式,但在用户接入数量过载时难以保证高质量的通信性能。基于此,提出了一种基于稀疏图的DS-CDMA系统。该系统以低密度二分图的形式来描述扩频码片和用户之间的关系,使得参与通信的每个用户只在少量码片上进行非零位扩频调制,最大程度地减少了用户间的相互干扰。借助图模型的相关理论,把适合于稀疏图的置信度传播算法应用于该系统,进行多用户检测,通过码片与用户之间的消息迭代来消除噪声和多址干扰带来的影响。结合计算机仿真,从不同的角度测试了系统的误码率等性能。理论分析与性能验证表明,稀疏图DS-CDMA在接入用户数量远远超过系统容量的情况下,依然具有优良的性能。     

一种新的Kronecker扩频码在盲多用户检测中的应用

当直接序列(DS-CDMA)系统中的多址干扰非常强时,自适应的盲多用户检测的性能将会严重下降.为了解决这一问题,一般的做法是增加系统的扩频增益,但是其取得的效果是有限的.本文将一种新的克罗内克(Kronecker)扩频序列应用到盲多用户检测中,该序列通过普通的扩频序列对自身作Kronecker乘积而生成.理论分析和仿真...     

多载波码分多址在低密度二分图上的建模与分析

多载波码分多址是移动通信重要的多址技术之一,传统方法将扩频序列的构造和多用户检测单独考虑,未能做到发射机和接收机的一体化设计。受到低密度奇偶校验码的启发,基于图论建立多载波码分多址收发机模型,采用二分图定义码片和数据符号间的扩频关系。在此基础上,利用适合低密度二分图的消息传递算法完成多用户迭代检测,推导并分析洪水消息传递和串行消息传递两种检测机制。仿真结果表明,当传统的多载波码分多址系统陷入严重过载而不能正常通信的情况下,基于低密度二分图的多载波码分多址系统依然能够达到理想的传输性能,为下一代移动通信系统的设计提供了有益的参考。     

Turbo码的迭代译码及在DS-CDMA系统中的应用

本文在简单介绍了Turbo码基本原理的基础上，主要分析了Turbo码的基于MAP译码算法和基于SOVA译码算法的迭代译码方法及其性能。为了进一步验证Turbo码的迭代译码性能，并与卷积码的性能进行比较，重点论述了Turbo码在DS-CDMA移动通信系统的码率与扩频增益折衷设计、迭代译码性能和仿真结果分析。     

基于完全互补码的DS-UWB无线通信系统性能

基于完全互补码极好的相关特性,采用其作为扩频码,提出了基于完全互补码的DS-UWB系统模型.为了多个用户使用该系统,其中发射端采用码片移位方式实现.接收端则采用相关接收机解调用户信息.N路接收信号分别相关运算后叠加并进行判决,对前后码元的关联性使得系统性能有很大提高.在AWGN环境下和802.15.3a推出的UWB信道模型(CM2)下,对单用户和4用户情况下该模型的误比特率性能与采用Gold码和Walsh码时的性能进行了仿真分析.从仿真结果可以看出,采用完全互补码的DS-UWB系统性能有显著提高.     

直扩地址码ZCZ码的一种改进方法

直扩地址码的自相关、互相关特性决定了扩频系统的系统容量，好的地址码可以较好地抑制系统的多址干扰。本文通过对ZCZ码的研究，给出了一种ZCZ码的改进方法，解决了ZCZ码自相关特性差的缺点，同时增大了ZCZ码零互相关区间，使其具有更好的多址干扰抑制能力。     

带宽受限下频谱分离对提高RDSS入站容量的影响分析

用户入站容量是RDSS系统设计的一个重要指标,主要受限于入站信号之间的多址干扰.提高扩频码速率可以增加人站容量,但卫星转发器带宽限制了扩频码速率的最大值,从而限制了单个扩频频谱入站信号容量最大值.在卫星转发器带宽受限情况下,提出了采用分离扩频频谱的方法来提高入站容量,并分别对扩频频谱分离为两个和三个的情况进行了详细分析,得出了两种分离扩频频谱方案下扩频码速率的最优值.仿真结果表明,在现有转发器带宽内分离为两个扩频频谱可以提高入站容量29％,分离为三个扩频频谱可以提高人站容量37％.     

多址通信的跳频码序列的研究

在跳频多址通信中,为了减少用户之间的互相干扰,保证良好的同步以及其它工作性能,要求跳频码序列具有较好的互相关特性和自相关特性。本文首先分析了具有较好互相关特性和自相关特性的码序列的理论上受到的限制,然后着重分析了它们的构造和产生。     

一种新的多用户检测方案

本文提出一新的多用户检测方案,它利用其所知道的用户的扩频序列,提高系统上行线路的多用户检测性能。该检测方案使用正交匹配滤波器来抑制已知和未知扩频序列的用户的干扰。     

复杂信道中的多载波并行组合扩频通信技术研究

为了提高并行组合扩频的频带利用率和信息传输速率,提出差分多相多载波并行组合扩频（DMP-PCSS-OFDM）通信系统、位置码多载波并行组合扩频（PC-PCSS-OFDM）通信系统、差分多相位置码多载波并行组合扩频（DMP-PC-PCSS-OFDM）通信系统,并对其进行建模。将发送端的输出信号通过加性高斯白噪声（AWGN）,多径效应和电磁干扰的复杂信道环境,在接收端对接收信号的误码率性能进行仿真分析,并与同条件的单载波通信系统作出对比。在MATLAB中仿真显示,几种多载波并行组合扩频通信系统（MC-PCSS）在AWGN,多径效应以及单音干扰的信道环境中误码率普遍低于其对应的单载波并行组合扩频通信系统（SC-PCSS）;但对于多音干扰,随着干扰频点的不断增加,SC-PCSS的系统性能逐渐好转,甚至超过MC-PCSS。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.