通信时延对无人作战飞机NWL轰炸精度影响研究

无人作战飞机具有飞行器与指挥平台"空地分离"的技术特征,源自飞行员的战术决策指令须通过战术数据链传输给飞机,该特性在空地轰炸模式下将对系统作战效能产生一定的影响。建立了面向无人作战飞机的空地一体化机翼非水平(NWL,Non-Wing-Level)轰炸仿真模型,通过Monte-Carlo仿真表明脱靶量与数据链时延之间存在线性关系,采用Kalman滤波可以克服时延对脱靶量的影响,并提高命中精度。     

空地作战地空导弹射击的一种仿真模型研究

空地作战仿真研究中,对地空导弹射击的仿真是非常重要的一环。给出了一种地空导弹对空中目标射击的建模方法,该方法对建立战役、战术级突防或防空仿真试验系统具有较强的实用性和适用性。     

基于作战仿真的指令分析研究

分析研究的主要内容是基于作战仿真的各种指挥指令,比较了实际军用文书与仿真指令之间存在的异同,分析了作战仿真系统中指令的类型以及内容结构,列举典型真实军事命令语言,进行便于仿真系统使用的格式化,重点论述实际军事命令等文书在作战仿真系统中如何被准确、高效地识别与运用,提出了两个适用于作战仿真系统的指令格式——基本指令格式和拓展指令格式,并归纳出指令格式的回字架构,为仿真指令在仿真系统中的应用提供支撑。     

基于决策树的装甲兵登陆突击仿真试验数据挖掘

介绍了项目的研究平台--数字化装甲营仿真系统,依据装甲兵登陆突击的作战想定进行了多次仿真试验,在对数据进行概化后,利用ID3算法构造了决策树,并从中挖掘出12条规则,总结出适用于数字化装甲分队在登陆突击阶段应采用"先期压制、全速突击、分波上陆、多路通行"的战法.     

面向网络化作战试验的指挥控制仿真原型系统设计与实现

针对装甲分队网络化作战技术与装备缺少试验平台的实际需求,采用作战试验与仿真建模相结合的思路,研究设计了面向网络化作战试验的战术级"人在环"指挥控制仿真原型系统。从装甲分队作战仿真试验系统对指挥控制分系统的功能需求出发,重点对系统构建思路和软件架构进行了设计,并运用Unity游戏引擎完成了关键功能组件的开发,实现了指挥控制仿真原型系统。最后,通过坦克网络化火力打击自主规划系统的作战仿真试验,验证了指挥控制仿真原型系统的实用性与有效性。     

一种面向任务的作战指令生成方法

面向任务的作战指挥要求指控系统具备更加灵活智能的数据指挥能力。针对指控系统难以理解任务内涵、难以精准控制执行过程等难题,提出了一种利用八元组结构实现的作战任务形式化表达方法。通过将作战任务分解为元任务,并建立与作战指令的关联关系,形成完整的作战任务指令集。在此基础上,利用时序化的指令编排和展现方法,可为指挥员提供更便捷的数据指挥手段。     

舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估研究

舰载无人机是现代海军的重要装备,对舰载无人机作战效能的研究是近年来作战效能评估领域研究的热点。针对舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估问题,提出了一种将层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评判法(FCE)和ADC法相结合的方法。基于舰载无人机对海突击作战使命任务,运用OODA环理论抽象出舰载无人机对海突击作战任务剖面,开展了关于舰载无人机对海突击作战能力的研究,引入对抗因子Z,通过建立效能评估指标体系,构建舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估模型,同时引入算例对模型进行验证。通过算例计算出舰载无人机作战效能为0.8602,并对其作战过程进行仿真推演,表明了模型的可行性,为舰载无人机的设计论证和作战运用提供技术支撑。     

美军的空中突击作战方式

美军的空中突击作战,不但十分依赖高技术空袭兵器,而且也十分重视突击方式的研究与运用。从近期几场局部战争来看,美军空中突击作战方式主要有以下几种: 合成突击合成突击,就是将隶属于不同军(兵)种的不同型号、不同功能的空袭兵器,在统一指挥下合理编组,形成功能齐全的空中作战系统,以整体力量协调一致地完成空袭作战任务。这是美军空中突击作战的基本突击方式。     

陆军战术作战仿真想定生成方法

针对作战仿真中想定数据的生成需求,在分析仿真想定内容的基础上,规范了仿真想定的生成流程,给出了指挥规则的抽取和量化方式,提出了面向实体的仿真想定结构化表示方法和基于XML的仿真想定存储结构,分析了利用G IS和3D技术实现作战计划和行动协同规划的方法途径,探讨了仿真想定数据的校核内容和重用机制,为实现仿真想定生成工具提供了一种有效的思路。     

面向联合作战的海军作战实验系统需求

针对新形势下海军作战实验系统能力提升需求,以提高作战实验系统对海战场作战行动的仿真推演与模拟评估能力为牵引,研究提出了面向联合作战的新一代海军作战实验系统建设需求.该系统功能需求包括作战想定生成、仿真推演、模拟评估和系统管控,性能需求包括仿真实体数量、推演时长、推演倍速和模拟评估时长,应用需求包括实验阶段、实验席位和实验流程方面,建设特性需求包括继承性、拓展性、共享性和真实性,以期为海军相关作战实验系统研制建设提供参考.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.