基于K-means-RBF的机载传感器评估

针对传统RBF神经网络存在的高维数据学习训练问题,采用K-means聚类算法设计RBF神经网络数据中心,建立基于聚类RBF神经网络的机载传感器精度评估模型,运用改进的RBF神经网络对机载传感器系统进行精度评估研究.仿真研究结果表明,与传统RBF神经网络评估算法相比,该算法有效减少评估时间,提高预测精度,表明算法是合理和有效的.     

基于网格的聚类挖掘算法

为了提高海量数据挖掘效率,研究了一种基于网格环境下的分布式聚类（Prejudge-Based Distributed Clus-tering,PBDC）算法,并引入距离、模和内积的概念,在聚类之前进行预判断,减少了不必要的计算开销。在此基础上提出了一种分布式并行化聚类（Distributed Parallel Clustering,DPC）算法,将其嵌入到Weka4ws中,以开源数据挖掘类库Weka为底层支持环境,构建网格环境下的分布式数据挖掘体系,同时进行仿真实验。实验结果表明：该算法对于网格环境下海量数据的分布式聚类具有良好的效果。     

基于模糊聚类-BP神经网络模型的战场目标识别

神经网络可以用来识别战场目标,但是传统神经网络具有样本多、学习速度慢的问题.为了解决上述问题,建立了一种基于模糊聚类和神经网络相结合的目标识别模型.仿真实验表明,用该模型进行目标识别,可以科学地选取样本,提高网络的训练速度和运行速度,并且能确保目标识别的正确率.     

基于数据场改进的目标分群算法

针对支持向量聚类算法训练样本不稳定问题,引入数据场概念,提出一种基于数据场的支持向量聚类算法,将数域空间构成的数据场中势值较高样本作为训练集获得模型再进行预测聚类。将改进的算法用于态势估计中目标分群问题,仿真结果表明:该算法在样本容量不是很高条件下的准确率较传统算法有所提高,很好地解决了训练样本选择影响聚类效果的问题,但改进后算法耗时较原先有所增加。     

某扫雷犁电液伺服系统的模糊神经网络控制

针对某扫雷犁电液伺服系统这一典型的非线性系统,使用基于减法聚类的模糊神经网络(FNN)自学习算法设计了控制器,其中减法聚类用于确定模糊神经网络的初始结构。在网络的学习过程中,对结论参数采用最小二乘法进行辨识,对前提参数采用误差反传算法进行调整;并使用AMESim软件搭建了扫雷犁的液压系统模型,利用其接口技术实现了与Simulink的联合仿真。实验结果表明模糊神经网络控制器的控制效果要优于传统的PID控制器。     

基于相对密度的增量式聚类算法

基于聚类的相对性原则:簇内对象具有较高的相似度,而簇间对象则相反,提出一种基于相对密度的增量式聚类算法,它继承了基于绝对密度聚类算法的抗噪声能力强、能发现任意形状簇等优点[1],并有效解决了聚类结果对参数设置过于敏感、参数值难以确定以及高密度簇完全被相连的低密度簇所包含等问题。同时,通过定义新增对象的影响集和种子集能够有效支持增量式聚类。     

基于改进Elman神经网络的电子元件性能预测

为提高传统Elman神经网络的动态性能,通过增加输出层与承接层之间的反馈环节,提出了一种新的改进的Elman神经网络模型,利用梯度下降原理对其学习算法进行了推导。同时引入附加动量和变学习率算法,建立了基于改进Elman神经网络的预测方法,并将其应用于电子元件性能参数的预测中。仿真实验证明,相比于BP和传统Elman神经网络,改进后的Elman神经网络训练速率快,预测精度高,具有良好的动态性能。由此可见,改进的Elman神经网络模型在对具有非线性时序特征参数的预测中,具有良好的应用前景。     

改进的聚类算法在入侵检测系统中的应用

K-中心点聚类算法是几种经典的聚类算法之一。但传统的K-中心点聚类算法的效率以及稳定性较低,聚类的过程缓慢,容易陷入局部最优解,使得聚类最终结果的准确性不能得到保证。为此,提出了一种基于数据的"密度"信息有效地改进K-中心点聚类算法并应用于入侵检测模型。该算法很好地克服了传统的K-中心点聚类算法过分依赖初始中心点选择的弊端,并且用实验分别验证,以这种方法来进行数据的聚类相比于传统的K-中心点聚类算法,显著提高了数据集聚类的效果,在入侵检测系统的应用中也有效地提高了检测率和降低了误检率,具备一定的实用价值。     

分块自适应加权改进大规模概率模糊聚类

为解决传统基于贝叶斯理论的概率模糊聚类(Bayesian Fuzzy Clustering,BFC)算法在处理大规模数据集聚类时的时间开销和存储代价瓶颈,提出基于数据分块的单程自适应加权BFC算法,算法在大规模数据集分块的基础上,设计了基于数据加权的改进BFC算法,用于数据分块内数据聚类,以挑选出对聚类贡献最具代表的标识数据及其自适应权值,在块间迭代聚类过程中,将标识数据及其权值合并到下一数据块中并参与聚类,从而将上一数据块的聚类信息有效地传递到下一数据块中,最后分析算法的收敛性和时间复杂度.实验结果表明,算法在继承传统BFC算法良好聚类性能基础上,减少计算复杂度,有效提高聚类效率,适用于大规模数据集聚类.     

模糊聚类的多雷达航迹关联算法北大核心

为了解决传统滤波跟踪算法对多雷达航迹预测定位误差较大的实际问题,通过对基于关联矩阵的聚类算法进行分析,提出了基于模糊聚类多雷达、多目标航迹定位跟踪仿真模型提出改进的矩阵聚类算法,并且与传统滤波跟踪算法做对比分析。实验结果表明,所提算法的性能在时间和空间上有所提高。较之传统算法精度较高,运算效率亦有所提升。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.