攻势防空:反空袭作战的发展趋势

科索沃战争,是海湾战争以来规模最大、持续时间最长、影响最深远的一场高技术局部战争。这次战争再一次证明,空袭与反空袭已经成为高技术局部战争的基本作战样式,空袭与反空袭的成败将成为未来战争胜负的决定性因素。把科索沃战争同近几年发生的几场高技术局部战争结合起来分析,可以看出,“攻势防空”的作战方式,将是21世纪反空袭作战的必然发展趋势。攻势防空,就是指在反空袭作战中,防御一方通过组织空中进攻力量和地面、海上远程进攻性兵器以及特种作战部队、民兵预备役部队等,以积极主动的作战行动打击敌来袭的空袭兵器,破坏敌浅近纵深目标.削弱、牵制或威慑敌空袭力量,迫使其中止或放弃空袭作战。     

要全面加强重点城市民兵反空袭斗争准备

以科索沃战争为代表的近期几场局部战争表明,在高技术条件下的局部战争中,空袭与反空袭已经成为主要的作战样式。进攻一方通常都是凭借其高技术兵器优势,对防御一方的重点城市实施大规模、多波次、高强度、全时(空)域的空袭,企图通过空袭摧毁防御一方的战争实力和潜力,以便迅速达成战略目的。因此,做好重点城市反敌空袭斗争准备,就成为当前国     

对民兵预备役部队参加城市防空斗争的几点认识

空袭是高技术局部战争中拥有武器装备优势一方的首选打击方式,城市则是其首选打击目标。换言之,空袭城市与城市反空袭的斗争是高技术局部战争的主要斗争方式。海湾战争是以空袭反空袭作战为主的战争,科索沃战争是完全没有经过地面作战就结束的战争。因此,我国的军事斗争准备,必须自觉适应高技术局部战争的这     

高技术空袭战的特点及对策

高技术空袭战的特点及对策杨瑞祥八十年代以来,世界发生的几场局部战争中,空袭都发挥了重要的作用。认真研究高技术战争中空袭的特点以及我军如何实施反空袭作战,具有十分重要的现实意义。空袭已成为高技术战争的主要作战样式,反空袭作战必须避敌锋芒。１９１１年１１...     

现代防空作战的变化导向

信息时代的到来是历史发展的必然,不断发展的新技术将改变战争的未来。高技术空袭与防空也必然进入信息化战争的大背景,在这种条件下,防空作战将继承传统防空作战的某些特性,但同时也将呈现出新的变化。一、作战模式——由“机动+火力”到“信息+火力”近期的几场局部战争表明,空袭作战对战争的进程和结局具有决定性影响,拥有高技术优势的一方所采取的超视距精确打击的空袭方式,使防空作战面临严峻挑战。面对非接触的高技术空袭,以“机动+火力”的传统防空模式已不适应信息化战争的要求,注重对空袭方的信息化作战体系实施电子打击,从而削弱…     

科索沃战争给我国国防动员的启示

科索沃战争是继海湾战争之后爆发的又一场高技术局部战争。在这场战争中,以美国为首的北约集团广泛投入高技术兵器,运用心理威慑、信息压制、超强度空袭和远程精确打击等手段,同南联盟展开一场力量极为悬殊的非对称作战。这场战争既使我们认识到非对称作战的一     

近期几场主要局部战争中空袭与反空袭作战的特点及启示

高新技术在军事领域的广泛运用给现代军事行动带来了巨大的革命,同时也给空袭和反空袭作战赋予了新的内容。近期几场主要局部战争,特别是“沙漠风暴”、“沙漠之狐”和“联盟力量”行动,都是典型的高技术条件下的空袭与反空袭的较量,深入研究其作战特点和对策对于进行未来防空作战有着重要的现实意义。一、近期几场主要局部战争中空袭与反空袭作战的特点(一)信息对抗是战争的前奏曲和战斗力“倍增器”以信息对抗为先导,首先夺取制信息权,进而取得战争主动权,是现代空袭与反空袭作战的一个显著特点。近期几场主要局部战争可以说是信息…     

也谈后备防空力量参加城市防空作战问题

以科索沃战争为代表的近期几场局部战争表明:空袭与反空袭的斗争是高技术局部战争的主要作战样式,城市是高技术局部战争的主要战场。因此,民兵、预备役高射炮部     

加强人防基础设施建设刻不容缓

发生在20世纪90年代的几场局部战争表明,空袭与反空袭的斗争,是高技术条件下局部战争的主要作战样式。海湾战争是以空袭为主进行的,且至今美英仍不时空袭伊拉克。科索沃战争更是一场没有经过地面作战就结束的战争。而南联盟之所以在北约的猛烈空袭下能够较好地保存了军力,主要原因则在于它有较为健全的地下防空设施。因此,在新时期军事斗争准备中,必须高度重视人防设施建设。     

动员地方信息战资源参加反空袭斗争

信息化是高技术条件下空袭与反空袭斗争的基本特征。信息战是高技术局部战争防空作战的重要组成部分,并贯穿于战争的全过程,对赢得战争主动权至关重要。在我军信息战技术装备、技术手段与强敌相比处于劣势的情况下,深入挖掘和动员地方信息战资源,配合部队夺取制信息权,有着十分重要的意义。 一、空袭作战中信息斗争的主要形式 从近年来发生的几场局部战争特别是科索沃战争中的信息对抗情况看,信息斗争主要有四种形式:一是     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.