火力对抗条件下反坦克导弹目标分配优化

以对抗条件下反坦克导弹作战过程为依据,建立了火力对抗条件下反坦克导弹目标分配的优化模型,并提出了坦克火力分配优化模型,研究利用改进的遗传算法来设计求解,在VC++下对实例进行求解,所得结论合理,本研究对反坦克导弹分队火力分配决策具有一定的参考作用和现实意义.     

区域防空导弹反导火力分配研究

分析了传统防空导弹火力分配模型的不足,考虑到编队内各舰艇近程防空作战能力的不同,结合装备性能特点,建立了基于机会约束规划的区域防空导弹火力分配优化模型。给出了基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的混合智能算法,该算法在精度和速度上均能满足防空作战的要求。     

基于遗传算法的弹炮混编防空群火力分配

近期局部战争中的防空作战经验表明:实施弹炮混编可以大大提高防空武器系统的作战效能,而如何实施有效的火力分配又是其中的一个重要环节.针对陆军弹炮混编防空群射击指挥中的火力分配问题,简要分析了防空导弹和高炮武器系统射击的不同特点,提出了弹炮混编防空群的火力分配方法,并建立了优化火力分配方案的数学模型.在此基础上,采用遗传算法对此模型求解.结果表明,遗传算法为弹炮混编防空群的火力优化分配问题提供了一条有效途径.     

遗传算法及其在导弹火力分配上的应用

遗传算法是一种近年来新发展起来的优化算法,目前它已被广泛应用于解决许多实际问题,如函数优化、图像识别、机器学习、人工神经网络、人工生命、优化调度等许多领域。通过对一种遗传算法的研究,阐述其在导弹武器火力分配上的应用。首先设计和实现了一种遗传算法;然后描述了导弹火力分配优化问题,建立了其数学模型;最后运用遗传算法求解了该问题。     

编队导弹攻击火力分配模型

根据现代海上攻防作战的特点,分析了传统编队导弹攻击火力分配模型的不足,建立了三种基于机会约束的编队导弹集中齐射火力分配模型,并在随机模拟的基础上给出了基于遗传算法的模型解.     

改进的遗传算法在导弹火力分配中的应用

弹道导弹系统是一个非常复杂的系统,有其自身的特点,其造价昂贵,数量有限,发射点也很分散.因此,火力分配问题在弹道导弹射击中具有极为重要的地位.尤其对于常规战术弹道导弹,火力分配的合理与否将直接影响作战效果与战斗力的发挥.根据地地战术导弹的作战运用特点,建立了导弹火力分配的优化模型;详细介绍了一种改进的遗传算法,将其应用于火力分配优化模型的求解,通过算例比较,证明该改进算法更能有效快速地找到最优解.     

基于改进遗传算法的反舰导弹火力分配研究

反舰导弹是打击敌水面舰船的主要手段,多武器平台打击水面多目标时,如何合理分配导弹,使其充分发挥作战效能,构成反舰导弹的火力分配问题。建立反舰导弹火力分配模型,并提出一种基于改进遗传算法的导弹火力分配求解算法,在算法中采用十进制编码策略、适应度比例选择法和自适应变异概率。通过结合实例进行验证,证明了改进遗传算法可以有效快速地找到最优火力分配方案,为舰艇作战指挥决策提供参考。     

武器目标协同火力分配建模及算法

针对当前火力分配模型的不足以及实际作战的需求,对武器目标协同火力分配问题进行了研究,建立了火力分配层次结构;通过对火力分配原则的研究,结合打击目标选择和弹目分配,建立了以导弹武器作战效费比为总目标,以目标毁伤要求为约束的火力分配模型。采用遗传算法求解火力分配问题,根据问题的特点和问题中的启发信息,对遗传算法进行了改进。仿真结果表明,改进算法的性能有较大提高,可用于解决复杂武器目标分配这类非线性整数规划问题。     

防空导弹兵力规划模型

借助兵力交换的思想,从宏观层次上研究不同类型的防空导弹火力单元对空中目标的优化分配问题;分析在最优目标分配策略下区域防空中各类型防空导弹火力单元的火力分配问题,并建立了递阶优化的求解模型.该模型可为区域防空部署的决策与分析提供科学依据.     

车载反坦克导弹火力分配优化模型

在车载反坦克导弹指挥控制系统软件设计过程中,火力分配模型在车载反坦克导弹射击中具有极其重要的地位作用,而传统反坦克导弹射击主要是根据攻击区进行划分,并未涉及火力分配问题,这将直接影响车载反坦克导弹作战效能的发挥.而AHP层次分析法是解决火力分配问题的有效模型,根据车载反坦克导弹的作战运用特点,并结合AHP层次分析法理论,建立了反坦克导弹火力分配的优化模型.通过对模型的求解,证明该算法对于某型车载反坦克导弹作战单元火力分配问题切实有效.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.