基于AGENT的多机协同作战传感器平台模型

针对多机协同作战传感器平台的特点,建立了由多个智能体(Multi-Agent System)组成的多机协同作战传感器平台的总体结构模型及基于信念、期望、意图(BDI)结构的单个智能体的结构模型,并深入研究了传感器平台Agent的定义和工作原理,描述了传感器平台Agent的工作过程,为构建具有智能化的多传感器系统提供了一种有效的方法。     

超视距协同空战网络化效应研究

利用复杂网络理论将超视距协同空战的实体及其之间的联系进行节点和边的抽象处理,分别从编队无协同、仅火力协同、仅传感器协同(树型/分布式指挥结构)、传感器+指控协同(树型/分布式指挥结构)、传感器+指控+火力协同(树型/分布式指挥结构)、预警机指挥引导下的传感器+指控+火力协同(树型/分布式指挥结构)进行网络化协同结构模型构建。在所构建的模型基础上进行网络化效应分析,体现网络化协同结构对超视距协同空战的影响,为后续研究超视距空战协同提供相关理论基础。     

BDOTI结构空战指挥控制决策的逻辑框架

通过对空战决策的思维方法进行分析,根据编队协同空战的决策特点和需求,应用时态分支逻辑CTL*建立了协同空战指挥决策可能世界的语义.应用时态逻辑和模态逻辑建立了基于信念(Belief)、愿望(Desire)、责任(Obligation)、战术作战意图(Tactical Intention)BDOTI结构的机载空战指挥决策的逻辑框架.并设计了一个BDOTI解释器对空战指挥决策的全过程进行描述.     

自适应蚁群算法的多机协同空战目标分配方法

对目标超视距空战将是今后空战的主要形式和发展趋势,多机协同多目标攻击中的关键问题是空战决策.首先建立了空战态势评估方法,结合蚁群算法思想,提出了一种新型的目标分配算法模型,并进行了算法实验.实验结果表明基于自适应蚁群算法解决多机协同空战的目标分配问题是有效的,特别是问题规模较大时更显示出其较快的收敛速度和较高的精度.     

多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配

提出了一种基于工程模糊集理论的多机协同空战威胁评估方法,通过对优势指数模糊规范化得到评估指标相对优属度,利用相邻指标相对重要性模糊标度值确定评估指标权重系数,应用模糊优选模型计算综合优势评估值,实现了多机协同空战中的威胁评估.在综合考虑威胁与优势的基础上,给出了多机协同空战目标分配的基本方案.仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效解决多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配问题,且算法简洁,有较好的实时性.     

基于变异离散粒子群的协同空战攻击决策算法

为了提高智能协同空战攻击决策算法性能,将变异策略引入到DPSO(Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization)协同空战攻击决策算法中,提出了一种新的基于变异离散粒子群(Mutation Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization,MDPSO)的协同空战攻击决策算法。基于典型空战想定背景,仿真验证了算法的有效性。采用对比实验方法,基于准确性、可靠性和快速性等关键性能指标,分析比较了基于MDPSO协同空战攻击决策算法与多种智能决策算法,验证了基于MDPSO的协同空战攻击决策算法有着较好的综合性能。     

军队应急物流协同决策多智能体系统模型研究

为解决军队应急物流协同决策优化问题,在分析应急物流保障过程的基础上,提出了一种改进的军队应急物流两级协同决策工作流;以此为基础,结合本体建模方法和多智能体技术,建立了军队应急物流协同决策多智能体系统模型,并对该模型的关键功能、核心智能体以及半自治指挥控制机制进行了设计。军队应急物流协同决策多智能体系统模型采用了集中控制与有限自治相结合的半自治控制模式,并以本体作为异构信息集成的基础,有效控制了应急物流环境动态性、不确定性与异构性,准确反映了军队应急物流组织指挥特点,为军队应急物流联合指挥决策提供了有效的工作流程与系统模型参考。     

有人/无人战斗机协同空战模式及能力需求分析

针对未来空战的特点对有人/无人战斗机协同空战的作战模式及能力需求进行了研究.从信息链到武器链时空过渡的角度分析了有人/无人机协同空战的作战优势;提出了两种典型的有人/无人机协同空战方式,并给出了作战过程描述及功能结构分析;基于“观测-评估-决策-执行”指挥控制环分析了有人/无人机协同空战的指挥控制流程;基于协同空战的任务需求提出各参与平台的能力需求.此研究对有人/无人机协同空战的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

基于多级影响图对策的多机协同空战决策研究

首先确定多机协同空战战机相关数学和运动模型,其次将大规模群集空战转化为多个小集团作战,在此基础上,依据协同的原则,又将小集团作战转化为多个一对一空战,然后应用多级影响图对策解决不确定情况下多机协同空战决策问题,建立了考虑交战双方、动力学质点模型和飞行员的偏好的连续机动决策模型,最后进行了2:2协同空战仿真分析,仿真结果表明该模型的有效性.     

中远距协同空战多目标攻击决策

根据先进战斗机的技术特点和中远距协同空战发展方向,提出一种基于先敌发现、先敌发射、先敌摧毁能力的空战态势分析模型。同时,将并行遗传算法与分布估计算法相结合的并行分布遗传算法应用于上述模型,给出了求解多目标攻击决策问题的算法。最后利用具体算例进行仿真验证。结果表明空战态势分析模型能够较为准确地描述中远距多机协同空战,采用的算法具有较好的可行性和实时性,为中远距多机协同空战的多目标攻击决策提供了新的思路和方法。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.