共和国的千里眼、顺风耳——部分国产警戒雷达简介

雷达是一种利用电磁波探测目标并测定其位置、速度和其他特征的电子设备。早在19世纪末,科学家就已经发现电磁波被物体反射的现象。20世纪30年代初,欧美一些国家开始研制探测飞机的脉冲雷达。1935年9月,英国研制出第一部雷达。在第二次世界大战期间,雷达得到迅速发展,并屡建奇功。战后,随着科学技术的进步,雷达的性能不断提高,应用的领域不断扩大。雷达按技术体制可分为脉冲雷达、连续波雷达、圆锥扫描雷达、单脉冲雷达、动目标显示雷达、脉冲多普勒雷达、脉冲压缩雷达、频率捷变雷达、三坐标雷达、相控阵雷达、合成孔径雷达、超视距雷达和多基地雷达等。按作战任务的不同,可分为警戒与引导雷达、武器控制雷达、侦察雷达、航行保障雷达、气象观测雷达等。雷达还可按运载方式、工作波段和接受目标信号能源的性质来分类。军用雷达的涉及面很广,技术发展很快。本专题仅介绍3个侧面:我国自行研制的警戒雷达、使飞行器能够具备高分辨力的合成孔径雷达以及蓬勃发展的军用相控阵雷达。     

量子雷达技术的发展现状及趋势

随着量子理论基础的奠定以及量子技术的发展,人们尝试利用量子力学规律来进一步提升雷达探测能力,量子雷达技术应运而生。首先,给出量子雷达的定义,并将量子雷达技术按照量子技术在雷达中的实现方式分为量子纠缠雷达、量子增强雷达和量子衍生雷达。其次,阐述量子雷达独有的特点并将其与经典雷达进行对比。再次,针对量子雷达不同技术分支重点综述其主流技术以及实用化进程。最后,总结量子雷达相比经典雷达在探测、成像等方面的优势,并指出量子雷达技术在发展中亟待解决的理论技术难题,同时对量子雷达发展趋势进行展望。     

雷达的种类

雷达的种类繁多,分类的方法也非常复杂。通常可以按照雷达的用途分类,如预警雷达、搜索警戒雷达、引导指挥雷达、炮瞄雷达、测高雷达、战场监视雷达、机载雷达、无线电测高雷达、雷达引信、气象雷达、航行管制雷达、导航雷达以及防撞和敌我识别雷达等。     

雷达抗前门耦合攻击防护能力对比分析

针对雷达遭受高功率微波武器攻击时容易损伤的问题,理论分析了雷达最远防护边界和雷达天线增益及接收机限幅器能力的关系,从空间滤波的角度,对比了反射面雷达和有源相控阵雷达抗前门耦合攻击的能力。分析得出只有高功率微波武器处于反射面雷达天线的主瓣范围附近时,对其前门耦合攻击效果才强于有源相控阵雷达;反之,要弱于有源相控阵雷达。由于反射面天线雷达主波束很窄,造成攻击的时机很短,所以反射面雷达在面对高功率微波武器时防护能力更强。     

末制导雷达抗干扰性能评估系统工程实现

噪声干扰是现代电子对抗中对付雷达的主要干扰形式之一。在压制式噪声干扰下,制导雷达无法提取目标角度等信息,使雷达失去工作能力。现代雷达工作者采用多种方法已研制出多种抗压制干扰的雷达。为了验证雷达的抗干扰性能,一套工程上易于实现的、实用性强的雷达压制干扰系统成为抗压制干扰雷达生产应用的必要检验手段。     

雷达反隐身技术分析及进展北大核心

雷达反隐身技术是克服目标隐身的核心技术。结合雷达方程、电磁散射原理及隐身目标RCS分布具体分析了雷达反隐身的基本原理和方法,根据雷达反隐身的基本特性从空域、频域、极化域等角度详细介绍了雷达反隐身常用技术。最后,提出了雷达反隐身技术的发展趋势,并给出了一种新的雷达组网反隐身模式。     

现代战争中的雷达无源对抗

雷达对抗是指为削弱、破坏敌方雷达的使用效能,保护己方雷达效能的正常发挥所采取的行动和措施。雷达无源对抗利用本身不发射电磁波的器材,通过对雷达波的反射、散射、折射或吸收,可有效干扰敌方雷达,迷惑来袭的雷达制导导弹,在高技术战争中占有十分重要的地位。本文介绍雷达无源对抗的发展历程,并概要介绍雷达(微波)无源对抗和毫米波无源对抗技术。     

迈向21世纪的舰载雷达

本文扼要回顾了舰载雷达的发展历程,介绍了早期雷达、二坐标雷达和三坐标雷达的研制装备概况;最后,论述面向21世纪的舰载雷达新体制。     

基于GPRS的雷达数据传输

针对传统的雷达数据传输方式机动性、灵活性差的现状,基于成熟的GPRS技术,提出和设计了一种新型雷达数据传输系统。通过大量的模拟雷达数据,对本系统进行了验证和测试,结果表明基于GPRS的雷达数据传输系统能够满足雷达数据传输的要求,适合于雷达应急通信和机动雷达的数据传输。     

MIMO雷达和组网雷达的CA2CFAR检测性能比较

多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达是近几年出现的一种新雷达技术,也是近几年雷达领域研究的重点。建立MIMO雷达的信号模型,明确给出MIMO雷达进行CA2CFAR检测的检测概率和虚警概率解析表达式,对组网雷达和MIMO雷达在均匀杂波背景下CA2CFAR检测性能进行了分析对比。仿真结果表明。MIMO雷达对类似噪声特性的复杂目标具有更好的检测性能。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.