电弧功率对超音速等离子喷涂氧化铝粒子状态及涂层性能的影响

采用超音速等离子喷涂工艺制备了氧化铝涂层,借助热喷涂粒子状态在线监测系统Spraywatch-2i、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度仪(HVS-100)研究了电弧功率及其匹配对氧化铝粒子温度、速度及涂层组织性能的影响.试验结果表明粒子的温度、速度随功率的增大分别呈持续上升与先上升后下降的趋势;在相同功率下,电流对粒子速度、温度的影响要大于电压对其的影响,温度、速度的变化趋势与电流变化趋势一致,随着电流的增大、电压的减小,这种变化逐渐趋于平缓,60 kW为超音速等离子喷涂制备Al2O3涂层的最佳功率参数.     

超音速等离子喷涂连续梯度热障涂层工艺优化研究

采用"双通道、双温区"超音速等离子喷涂工艺制备了Ce-YSZ/NiCoCrAlY连续梯度热障涂层(CG-TBCs)。借助热喷涂粒子状态在线监测系统Spraywatch-2i,分别研究了电弧功率、喷涂距离对Ce-YSZ/NiCoCrAlY粒子速度和温度的影响。实验结果表明,当电弧功率为70 kW和68 kW时,Ce-YSZ与NiCoCrAlY粒子速度达到最高,分别为620 m/s和430 m/s。Ce-YSZ和NiCoCrAlY粉末粒子的平均温度均随电弧功率的增加而上升,但当功率分别达到60 kW和65 kW时,粒子温度的上升趋势不再明显。电弧功率选择在68 kW,喷涂距离定为90 mm左右时,制备的CG-TBCs在经历100次热循环后,其表面和内部均未出现明显的裂纹,具有优异的热震性能。     

超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层性能研究

用超音速等离子喷涂(HEPJet)和2种进口高速氧燃气火焰喷涂设备 (HVOF:JP-5000和DJ-2700)制备WC-Co涂层,进行了孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度及30°和90°攻角的冲蚀磨损对比试验,用XRD分析了粉末和涂层的相结构,用 SEM分析了粉末和涂层的表面和断面形貌。结果表明3种工艺制备的WC-Co涂层与粉末的相结构类似,均无明显氧化、失碳;超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层综合性能与JP-5000相当,要优于DJ-2700。     

扩展弧超音速等离子喷涂系统及其陶瓷涂层特点

本文介绍了八十年代末出现的超音速等离子喷涂系统,分析了稳定集聚的高热焓、超高速的超音速等离子焰流的形成机理及其对喷涂颗粒的作用,比较了超音速等离子喷涂与常规的大气等离子喷涂的陶瓷涂层的质量,指出超音速等离子喷涂是一项用于获得高质量的陶瓷涂层的新技术.     

冷喷涂粒子速度影响因素的数值模拟与分析

冷喷涂过程中,粒子速度直接影响冷喷涂材料改性效果.由于射流流场为超音速气固两相冲击射流,用实验方法研究粒子速度的影响因素很困难,为此通过数值模拟方法再现流场中粒子速度的变化情况.用Fluent软件以冷喷涂技术中超音速气固两相射流流场为研究对象,对于气固两相流的模拟,则采用颗粒轨道模型(欧拉-拉格朗日模型)获得粒子在射流流场的速度变化情况;分析粒径、材料、喷涂距离以及载气等因素对粒子速度的影响.进一步优化冷喷涂工艺方案,得到了粒子特性与粒子到达基板前最大速度之间的优化关系.     

自反应电弧喷涂复相陶瓷涂层工艺研究

以Ti-B4C-C为粉芯、金属Al为外皮材料制备了粉芯丝材,利用自反应电弧喷涂技术在钢基体表面制备了Ti(C,N)-TiB2-Al2O3复相陶瓷涂层.研究了喷涂电压、电流、气压及喷涂距离等工艺参数对涂层的影响,并以涂层孔隙率为评价指标,优化了喷涂工艺.结果表明:对涂层质量影响因素由大到小依次为喷涂距离、气压、电流、电压;优化工艺为喷涂电流120 A、电压36 V、气压0.7 MPa、距离160 mm,在该工艺条件下制备的复合涂层由TiB2、TiC0.3N0.7、TiN、Al2O3、AlN等多相组成,孔隙率约为2.11％,力学性能好.     

一种基于离心雾化的新型热喷涂技术

研究开发了一种新型的热喷涂技术——离心雾化转移弧等离子喷涂技术(CAPTAS),阐述了该技术工作原理、设备以及熔融粒子的离心雾化机理。观察了采用该技术所制备的涂层微观组织结构,通过能谱仪对该涂层的成分进行了分析, 并与传统的电弧喷涂涂层进行了比较。结果表明,采用CAPTAS技术制备的涂层具有和传统电弧喷涂涂层类似的扁平化层状结构,但粒子大、变形小、氧化物含量低。     

基于高熵合金的镁合金表面防护技术研究

为改善镁合金表面耐蚀性能,设计并制备了3种高熵合金喷涂粉末,采用冷喷涂技术制备涂层.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计等研究了涂层组织和力学性能.用电化学方法分析评价了涂层在质量分数为3.5％ NaC1溶液中的耐蚀性能.结果表明:涂层由BCC简单结构固溶体组成,晶粒范围在12 ～37 nm之间;涂层孔隙率小于1％,表明冷喷涂涂层更为致密,且结合强度达58 MPa,涂层与基体以机械结合为主;涂层极化曲线均山现钝化现象,自腐蚀电位较基体正移,自腐蚀电流密度显著减小;循环极化曲线表明涂层无孔蚀倾向,交流阻抗谱与极化曲线结果相符合.高熵合金涂层可显著改善镁合金表面耐蚀性能.     

喷涂层接触疲劳失效信号响应试验研究

采用超音速等离子喷涂设备制备了铁基自熔剂合金涂层，通过球盘式接触疲劳试验机考察了喷涂层的疲劳行为，使用扫描电子显微镜对涂层的截面和失效形貌进行了表征，研究了不同信号响应对涂层接触疲劳失效形式的指示作用。结果表明：在该应力水平下，喷涂层的接触疲劳失效形式为点蚀和分层失效。振动和扭矩信号的响应可以反馈不同的失效过程，点蚀失效过程中信号呈现渐变的特征，而分层失效过程中信号则发生明显的阶跃。     

自蔓延反应喷涂表面涂层技术进展

围绕自蔓延反应喷涂技术与工艺研究和自蔓延反应喷涂相关理论研究两个方面,介绍了这一技术领域的发展状况。SHS反应喷涂技术将燃烧合成与传统热喷涂相融合,将各类高化学能的反应型粉材、线材引入喷涂技术中制备高性能陶瓷和金属间化合物涂层,发展了SHS反应药芯线材电弧喷涂、SHS等离子喷涂、爆炸反应喷涂以及SHS反应火焰喷涂等技术手段。一方面,对其中的配系设计、控制参数、涂层性能和相关设备等方面开展了深入的实验研究;另一方面,围绕涂层形成过程、喷涂条件下的反应机理与模式,以及反应喷涂过程中的能量状态和粒子的物理状态等方面开展了初步的理论研究,正在构筑较完整的理论体系。     

Performance characterization of Ni60-WC coating on steel processed with supersonic laser deposition

Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.     

高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层性能研究

将低碳马氏体和3Cr13+AlRE伪合金高速电弧喷涂层进行了性能和组织结构的对比分析。实验结果表明,与伪合金涂层相比,低碳马氏体涂层呈现出更优异的力学性能、耐磨性能和机械加工性能。该涂层可用于发动机曲轴等零件的再制造。     

Tuning the reactivity of Al–Ni by fine coating of halogen-containing energetic composites

In this paper, various core-shell structured Al–Ni@ECs composites have been prepared by a spray-drying technique. The involved ECs refer to the energetic composites (ECs) of ammonium perchlorate/nitrocellulose (AP/NC, NA) and polyvinylidene fluoride/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (PVDF/CL-20, PC). Two Al–Ni mixtures were prepared at atomic ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 and named as Al/Ni and Al/3Ni, respectively. The thermal reactivity and combustion behaviors of Al–Ni@ECs composites have been comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the reactivity and combustion performance of Al–Ni could be enhanced by introducing both NA and PC energetic composites. Among which the Al/Ni@NA composite exhibited higher reactivity and improved combustion performance. The measured flame propagation rate (v = 20.6 mm/s), average combustion wave temperature (T_max = 1567.0 °C) and maximum temperature rise rate (γ_t = 1633.6 °C/s) of Al/Ni@NA are higher than that of the Al/Ni (v = 15.8 mm/s, T_max = 858.0 °C, and γ_t = 143.5 °C/s). The enhancement in combustion properties could be due to presence of the acidic gaseous products from ECs, which could etch the Al₂O₃ shell on the surface of Al particles, and make the inner active Al to be easier transported, so that an intimate and faster intermetallic reaction between Al and Ni would be realized. Furthermore, the morphologies and chemical compositions of the condensed combustion products (CCPs) of Al–Ni@ECs composites were found to be different depending on the types of ECs. The compositions of CCPs are dominated with the Al–Ni intermetallics, combining with a trace amount of Al₅O₆N and Al₂O₃.     

Influence of yttrium on microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding

Ni–Al alloy coatings with different Y additions are prepared on 45^# medium steel by laser cladding. The influence of Y contents on the microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings is investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, Vickers hardness tester, friction wear testing machine, and thermal analyzer. The results show that the cladding layers are mainly composed of NiAl dendrites, and the dendrites are gradually refined with the increase in Y additions. The purification effect of Y can effectively prevent Al₂O₃ oxide from forming. However, when the atomic percent of Y addition exceeds 1.5%, the extra Y addition will react with O to form Y₂O₃ oxide, even to form Al₅Y₃O₁₂ oxide, depending on the amount of Y added. The Y addition in a range of 1.5–3.5 at.% reduces the hardness and anti-attrition of cladding layer, but improves obviously its wear and oxidation resistances.     

全气动步兵武器表层自动喷涂机设计

分析目前步兵武器零件表层喷涂技术现状,提出全气动自动喷涂机设计方案,根据步兵武器零件结构特点,规划自动喷涂轨迹,设计全气动自动化喷涂专用设备．该设备具有本质安全性,适于部队条件下使用．     

超声辅助喷射电沉积Ni镀层的表面形貌及硬度

试验以直接超声方式,在喷射电沉积装置的基础上加载超声设备,分别在20℃和50℃两种镀液温度下在A3钢基体上制备了加载超声和不加载超声Ni镀层,研究了超声波及温度对Ni镀层表面形貌和硬度的影响。试验结果分析表明：在20℃条件下,超声可避免镀层裂纹的产生,提高镀层的硬度;在50℃条件下,超声可细化镀层的组织,且可显著提高镀层硬度;超声波对喷射电沉积层组织和性能的影响机理主要在于超声空化引起的析氢减少、细晶强化和加工硬度。     

Nanothermite colloids: A new prospective for enhanced performance

Nanothermites (metal oxide/metal) can offer tremendously exothermic self sustained reactions. CuO is one of the most effective oxidizers for naonothermite applications. This study reports on two prospectives for the manufacture of CuO nanoparticles. Colloidal CuO particles of 15 nm particle size were developed using hydrothermal synthesis technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with surface are 700 m²/g was employed as a substrate for synthesis of CuO-coated MWCNTs using electroless plating. On the other hand, aluminium particles with combustion heat of 32000 J/g is of interest as high energy density material. The impact of stoichiometric nanothermite particles (CuO/Al & Cuo-coated MWCNTs/Al) on shock wave strength of Al/TNT nanocomposite was evaluated using ballistic mortar test. While CuO-coated MWCNTs decreased the shock wave strength by 15%; colloidal CuO enhanced the shock wave strength by 30%. The superior performance of colloidal CuO particles was correlated to their steric stabilization with employed organic solvent. This is the first time ever to report on fabrication, isolation, and integration of stablilized colloidal nanothermite particles into energetic matrix where intimate mixing between oxidizer and metal fuel could be achieved.