基于多域参数的频率捷变雷达信号分选新方法

针对频率捷变雷达信号分选准确率不高的问题,提出了一种新的频率捷变雷达信号分选算法。将频谱主峰图归一化中心矩和时频域能量分布归一化值构成相参特征向量,用SVM分类器实现自动分选。仿真结果表明,该方法在较低信噪比下仍能获得较为满意的分选准确率,当信噪比为5 d B时,信号分选准确率达到96.33%,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于随机频率捷变的窄带雷达成像方法

现有窄带雷达分辨率不高,基于频率捷变信号"短时覆盖较宽载频范围"的特点,分析了随机频率捷变信号成像的可能性,提出了随机频率捷变信号成像的一般处理方法。通过仿真实验和配合目标放飞实验,对随机频率捷变信号成像的数学模型和处理方法进行了验证。结果表明,在一定条件下,窄带雷达可以用随机频率捷变信号成二维像,提高窄带雷达的距离分辨能力。     

一种基于数据场聚类的雷达信号分选算法

针对传统聚类算法在雷达信号分选中存在的一些问题,提出了一种基于数据场聚类的信号分选算法。首先所有数据样本经过归一化计算,根据数据场理论计算样本的势值,通过寻找极大值点及其个数确定初始聚类中心和聚类数目,之后重新计算聚类中心。通过对频率捷变雷达的实验仿真,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于频谱分析的雷达信号分选新方法

相参性是现代雷达的普遍性质,利用雷达脉冲之间的相参性,提取相参特征参数,并运用于雷达信号分选,对降低当前信号分选中存在的“漏批”率具有重要的意义。本文在基于频谱分析的相参特征模型基础上,研究了基于最小二乘模板匹配误差的相参特征,并提出了具体应用中的改进措施。仿真结果表明,利用频谱主峰图像最小二乘模板匹配误差这一相参特征参数进行信号分选,可以有效地减少“漏批”率。     

频率捷变对改善低空目标探测的分析与研究

由于预警雷达在低空探测中受多径影响严重,导致雷达跟踪性能下降。而频率捷变作为雷达常规抗干扰措施,其捷变特性在一定程度上能使多路径信号和回波信号去相关、减小其影响。为此,首先建立了多径模型,计算了雷达多路径传输因子。在此基础上,分析了频率捷变的去相关特性,得出了不同多路径路程差去相关所需要的捷变带宽。紧接着,建立雷达回波仿真模型,对不同捷变间隔情况下的单脉冲回波和积累后的信噪比进行比较。可以看出,捷变带宽越宽,对多径改善越好,但对于目标回波受多径影响不大的位置,捷变没有改善效果,相反信噪比会有少量损失。     

一种新的k-means聚类雷达信号分选算法北大核心

针对传统k-means聚类算法在雷达信号分选中应用存在的不足,提出了一种基于数据场和灰关联分析的k-means聚类雷达信号分选算法。该算法首先根据数据场理论计算所有数据样本的势值,寻找局域势值最大值,选取距最大值最近的样本数据作为初始聚类中心,局域势值最大值个数作为聚类数目;然后用灰关联度代替欧式距离来判断数据样本间相似性。该算法能够自动获取初始聚类中心和聚类数目,对频率捷变雷达具有较好的分选效果。仿真结果验证了算法的可行性。     

一种新的k-means聚类雷达信号分选算法

针对传统k-means聚类算法在雷达信号分选中应用存在的不足,提出了一种基于数据场和灰关联分析的k-means聚类雷达信号分选算法。该算法首先根据数据场理论计算所有数据样本的势值,寻找局域势值最大值,选取距最大值最近的样本数据作为初始聚类中心,局域势值最大值个数作为聚类数目;然后用灰关联度代替欧式距离来判断数据样本间相似性。该算法能够自动获取初始聚类中心和聚类数目,对频率捷变雷达具有较好的分选效果。仿真结果验证了算法的可行性。     

频率捷变雷达干扰方法分析

频率捷变雷达有许多其它雷达无法比拟的优点,在现代雷达体制中占有重要地位。分析了频率捷变雷达的特点,根据其工作原理,提出了干扰频率捷变雷达的几种方法,分析了各自的优点和局限性。阐述了干扰方法的原理及实现的技术途径,并给出了有关参数的计算方法和实例。     

基于DDS的雷达中频信号模拟器设计

信号模拟器在雷达、通信等有电子领域均有广泛应用。直接数字合成技术(DDS)能够有效的解决模拟频率合成电路中对频率、相位等信号特征控制复杂和误差较大的问题。本文介绍了一种基于DDS技术的雷达中频信号模拟器设计实现方法，以ARM嵌入式软核处理器控制DDS芯片，配合后端电路中滤波、放大、程控衰减等信号整形手段，最终产生满足要求的连续波/脉冲的单频信号、线性调频信号和频率快速捷变信号等多种雷达中频信号。通过实际电路测试给出结果，达到预期设计目标。     

一种宽带多维雷达信号设计

设计了一种宽带多维雷达信号,在宽带噪声调频信号中通过频率捷变的方式融合非线性调频信号,将探测信号隐匿于宽带噪声调频信号中,对敌方雷达进行干扰的同时实现对目标的探测。仿真表明该信号具有较好的隐蔽性,且兼具探测与干扰的双重功能。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.